Washington's 


UC-NRLF 


B    3 


\arbadoes 


Journal. 

1751 


G  F.EPHRAIM  s 

OKSELLER  • 


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THE 


DAILY  JOURNAL 


OF 


MAJOR  GEORGE  WASHINGTON, 


IN 


Kept  while  on  a  Tour  from  Virginia  to  the  Island  of  Barbadoes, 
with  his  invalid  Br  other  > 

MAJ.  LAWRENCE  WASHINGTON, 

PROPRIETOR   OF   MOUNT   VERNON   ON   THE   POTOMAC. 


COPIED  FROM  THE  ORIGINAL  WITH  LITERAL  EXACTNESS  AND 
EDITED  WITH  NOTES,  BY 

J.  M.  TONER,  M.  D. 


ALBANY,  N.  Y.: 

JOEL  MUNSELL'S  SONS,  PUBLISHERS, 
1892. 


Copyrighted  1892, 
BY  J.  M.  TONER,  M.  D. 


INTRODUCTION. 


The  following  daily  Journal  was  kept  by  Major 
George  Washington  during  his  voyage  and  visit  to 
the  Island  of  Barbadoes  in  the  fall  and  winter  of 
1751-2.  He  was  then  between  nineteen  and  twenty 
years  of  age,  had  been  a  licensed  surveyor  in  Vir 
ginia  for  over  three  years  and,  shortly  before  sailing, 
had  been  commissioned  one  of  the  Adjutants-Gene 
ral  of  Virginia  with  the  rank  of  Major  and  the  pay 
of  ^150  a  year.  Although  he  made  no  pretensions 
to  having  a  finished  education  or  to  being  an  exten 
sive  reader  of  books,  yet  he  was  well  informed  in  all 
the  affairs  of  life,  and  his  manners  and  address  pro 
claimed  him  a  gentleman  and  clearly  indicated  that 
his  associations  were  with  men  of  character  and  cul 
ture.  If  we  had  no  other  means  of  knowing  the  fact, 
this  Journal,  of  itself,  would  show  that  Washington 
possessed  strong  and  acute  natural  powers  of  obser 
vation  and  that  his  mind  was,  for  his  years,  unusually 
matured  and  well  stored  with  practical  knowledge 


M162904 


4  Introduction. 

and  historical  facts.  His  stay  on  the  Island  of  Bar- 
badoes  was  brief  and,  owing  to  an  attack  of  the  small, 
pox,  even  part  of  that  short  time  was  spent  in  a  sick 
room,  yet  he  acquired  and  recorded  in  his  Jour 
nal  a  wonderful  amount  of  information  about  the 
island,  its  climate,  the  character  of  its  soil,  its  pro 
ductions,  population,  commerce,  resources,  govern 
ment,  defenses,  etc. 

This  journey  to  the  West  Indies  was  made  as  a 
companion  to  his  invalid  brother,  Major  Lawrence 
Washington,  the  proprietor  of  Mount  Vernon  on  the 
Potomac,  in  Virginia,  who  was  suffering  from  a  pul 
monary  disease  which  proved  obstinate  and  induced 
him  to  try  the  efficacy  of  a  winter  within  the  tropics, 
in  the  hope  of  finding  relief. 

The  affectionate  attachment  of  these  two  brothers 
for  each  other,  though  marked  from  early  childhood, 
was  particularly  so  after  the  death  of  their  father. 
Lawrence  was  nearly  fourteen  years  older  than 
George,  had  received  a  good  education  and  had  held 
a  Captain's  commission  in  the  British  Army;  had 
traveled  and  seen  much  of  the  world;  possessed  busi 
ness  habits  and  decision  of  character,  and  being  the 
oldest  son  his  father,  by  will,  left  the  management  of 
affairs  largely  in  his  hands.  Lawrence  discharged 
this  trust  with  fidelity  and  to  the  satisfaction  of  all 


Introduction.  5 

concerned.  Although  still  comparatively  young,  by 
his  enterprise  and  sound  business  judgment,  he  had 
considerably  increased  his  inheritance  and,  at  the 
same  time,  won  the  confidence  and  regard  of  the 
leading  men  of  Virginia  as  well  as  of  a  large  circle 
of  influential  persons  in  Great  Britain.  He  had 
never  enjoyed  a  strong  constitution,  yet,  by  prudence 
and  energy,  he  had  been  enabled  to  transact  a  great 
amount  of  business.  During  the  year  1751,  however, 
his  wife  and  brothers  observed  with  alarm  that  the 
graver  symptoms  of  his  complaint  were  not  yielding 
to  treatment  as  formerly;  accordingly  the  voyage 
advised  by  his  physician,  was  resolved  upon ;  all  his 
friends  uniting  in  the  opinion  that  George  ought  to 
accompany  him.  George  owed  so  much  to  this  brother 
for  his  fatherly  care  and  his  own  rapid  advancement 
in  life,  that  it  seems  proper  to  present  these  facts, 
especially  as  it  is  to  these  circumstances  that  we  owe 
the  existence  of  this  interesting  Journal.  This  old, 
brown  and  faded  manuscript  written  by  Washington 
in  his  youth  is  in  a  lamentable  state  of  decay,  so 
much  so  that  it  no  longer  furnishes  proof  of  the  day 
on  which  the  brothers  embarked,  or  the  port  from 
which  they  sailed.  Collateral  records,  however,  in 
part  supply  this  data  and  inform  us  that  they  took 
shipping  on  the  Potomac  river  and  sailed  on  the  28th 


6  Introduction. 

of  September,  1751,  and  landed  at  Bridgetown,  the 
capital  of  Barbadoes,  on  the  3d  of  November  fol 
lowing. 

George  Washington  while  studying  surveying  had 
also  theoretically  studied  navigation ;  but  this  voy 
age  offered  an  exceptionally  good  opportunity  for 
him  to  acquire  a  practical  knowledge  of  the  art, 
which  we  may  well  suppose,  from  his  early  desire  to 
adopt  a  seafaring  life,  he  eagerly  embraced. 

He  ruled  the  pages  of  his  diary,  an  improvised 
book,  to  correspond  to  a  ship's  log-book  and  took 
with  regularity  the  daily,  instrumental  observations 
made  by  navigators  at  sea,  doubtless  under  the  im 
mediate  instructions  of  the  captain  ;  kept  a  record  of 
them  in  due  form  in  his  Journal,  with  such  observa 
tions  on  the  weather,  the  winds,  the  sighting  of  other 
vessels,  the  direction  in  which  they  were  sailing,  the 
capturing  of  dolphin,  shark  and  other  fish  from 
time  to  time  by  the  sailors,  their  method  of  taking 
them  on  board  and  their  preparation  for  the  table  of 
such  of  them  as  were  edible,  etc.  From  a  careful 
inspection  of  that  part  of  the  Journal  containing 
Washington's  log,  if  we  may  so  term  it,  from  the 
Potomac  river  to  Carlisle  bay  in  Barbadoes,  I  am 
inclined  to  the  belief  that  the  instrumental  obser 
vations  recorded  were,  in  the  main,  made  by  Wash- 


Introduction.  7 

ington  himself  as  practical  studies  in  navigation, 
copying  only  the  watches  and  the  vessel's  rate  of 
speed,  etc.,  from  the  ship's  log. 

Unfortunately  the  paper  on  which  the  diary  is 
written  was  very  poor ;  or,  if  not  originally  of  an 
inferior  quality,  then  the  book  has,  in  some  manner, 
been  damaged  so  that  the  paper- has  lost  its  strength 
and  tenacity,  breaking  on  the  least  handling,  and  has 
already,  to  a  considerable  extent,  crumbled  into  dust. 
Page  after  page  has  already  disappeared  from  the 
volume,  a  fringe  of  many  leaves,  only,  remaining 
along  the  back  where  it  is  sewed.  On  these  fringes 
at  places  may  be  discovered  a  letter  or  word,  the 
beginning  or  ending  of  a  line,  as  the  case  may  be.  I 
have  had  copied  every  letter,  word  and  sentence  of 
the  Journal  from  beginning  to  end  which  can  be 
deciphered.  The  entire  copy  is  spread  out  before 
me,  and  with  every  desire  to  publish  the  Journal  just 
as  it  now  exists,  I  am  sensible,  after  a  careful  re-ex 
amination  of  it,  that  the  first  part  is  so  fragmentary 
as  to  be  practically  unintelligible.  I  am,  therefore, 
constrained  to  print  only  that  part  which,  though 
mutilated,  yet  retains  the  thread  of  the  narrative  and 
which  fortunately  proves  to  be  the  portion  of  greatest 
interest.  But  as  no  page  is  perfect  the  reader  will 
have  to  supply  missing  words.  The  part  here  given 


8  Introduction. 

begins  on  the  morning  the  vessel  sighted  the  Island 
of  Barbadoes  and  concludes  with  the  return  of  the 
writer  to  Mount  Vernon,  in  Virginia.  The  entire 
manuscript  copy,  which  I  have  had  made  of  the 
original  document,  will  be  bound  and  placed  in 
"  the  Toner  Collection,"  in  the  Library  of  Congress, 
for  preservation,  as  it  will  outlast  the  original, 
owing  to  the  fragile  and  perishing  condition  of  the 
paper.  I  hazard  but  little  in  saying  that  no  future 
copyist  will  ever  be  able  to  make  out  more  or  as 
much  of  the  Journal  as  this  transcript  contains. 
When  this  diary  was  examined  and  selections  from 
it  made  by  the  historian,  Jared  Sparks,  it  was  in  a 
better  state  than  it  is  at  present ;  one  leaf,  two  pages, 
from  which  he  quoted  are  now  missing.  To  pre 
serve  the  continuity  of  the  narrative,  his  excerpt  from 
the  Journal  of  the  4th  and  5th  of  November  is  em 
bodied  here.  Every  student  of  history  will  regret 
the  perishing  and  fragmentary  condition  of  this  pre 
cious  record,  and  must  feel  as  though  the  govern 
ment  has  scarcely  done  its  duty  in  not  having  had  an 
exact  transcript  of  it  made,  while  it  was  possible  to 
have  done  so.  I  can  only  beg  to  assure  the  public 
that  every  letter  and  word  discernible  from  the  be. 
ginning  to  the  end  has  been  faithfully  copied  and 
that  which  is  printed  is  given  with  literal  exactness. 


Introduction.  9 

Considering  the  imperfect  condition  of  this  Journal 
it  may  and  doubtless  wjll  be  asked  why  print  any  part 
of  it  ?  The  answer  is  that  it  contains  valuable  in 
formation  and  supplies  links  in  the  chain  of  the  his 
tory  of  the  early  life  of  Washington.  The  American 
people,  I  believe,  wish  to  know  Washington  just  as 
he  lived,  from  his  cradle  to  his  grave,  and  possess 
his  records  just  as  he  left  them.  And  having  pro 
posed  to  myself  to  publish  with  literal  exactness  all 
of  Washington's  journals  and  diaries  that  can  be 
discovered,  it  would  not  be  consistent,  or  just,  to 
omit,  knowingly,  any  intelligible  part.  To  this  end 
I  have  had  all  of  his  discovered  diaries  and  journals 
copied  and  will,  as  soon  as  practicable,  give  them 
with  notes  to  the  public,  just  as  they  left  the  hand  of 
Washington. 

J.  M.  T. 


PREFACE. 


It  is  presumed  that  the  reader,  who  may  examine 
this  publication,  would  welcome  a  brief  picture  of 
the  Island  of  Barbadoes,  with  a  glance  at  its  social 
life  and  commercial  activity  as  they  existed  in  1751, 
the  date  of  George  Washington's  visit.  It  is  prob 
able  that  the  frequent  and  intimate  intercourse  be 
tween  the  residents  of  that  island  and  the  planters 
of  Virginia  determined  Major  Lawrence  Washing 
ton  to  prefer  Barbadoes  to  any  other  of  the  West 
India  Islands  for  his  visit. 

Barbadoes  lies  within  the  tropics  and  is  the  most 
easterly  one  of  the  great  chain  of  Caribbee  islands. 
It  was  discovered  by  the  Portuguese  navigators,  who 
named  it  the  "bearded  Island,"  "barbudo"  or  "Bar 
bados,"  because  of  a  fancied  resemblance  the  foliage 
and  pendent  mosses  of  its  fig  trees  and  other  shrub 
bery,  as  seen  at  a  distance  from  their  ships,  had  to 
the  human  beard.  Some  feeble  attempt  was  made 
by  them  to  settle  and  cultivate  the  Island,  which  they 


Preface.  1 1 

found  had  a  rich  soil  and  a  most  delightful  climate. 
The  effort,  however,  was  not  persisted  in  or  successful. 

The  Island  contains  about  166  square  miles  of 
territory  or  106,470  acres,  nearly  the  whole  of  which 
is  capable  of  profitable  cultivation. 

The  chief  evidence  that  an  attempt  had  once  been 
made  to  colonize  the  island  before  it  was  discovered 
by  the  English  in  1625,  is  the  fact  that  hogs  were 
found  on  it  in  considerable  numbers,  the  progeny 
of  those  left  there  when  a  former  effort  to  cultivate 
the  island  had  been  abandoned.  These  animals  had 
multiplied  and  become  quite  wild.  They  served  as 
a  valuable  food  supply  to  the  first  English  adven 
turers  and  planters.  The  evidences,  too,  that  the 
island  had  been  occupied  by  Indians,  were  numerous 
in  the  fragments  of  broken  pottery,  war  implements 
and  other  remains  every  where  to  be  found.  The 
stream  which  empties  into  Carlisle  bay  still  bears 
the  name  of  "  Indian  river,"  on  account  of  the 
numerous  Indian  relics  found  about  its  mouth.  The 
equableness  of  the  climate,  the  fertility  of  the  soil, 
the  prosperity  of  the  early  and  sturdy  planters 
and  the  personal  comforts  to  be  obtained  on  the 
island  soon  brought  it  into  favor  as  a  resort  for 
invalids,  particularly  those  requiring  change  of  cli 
mate  on  account  of  pulmonary  diseases.  The  ad- 


1 2  Preface. 

vantages  to  this  class  of  patients  were  unequivocal 
and  substantial. 

Many  persons,  after  spending  a  few  years  on  the 
island  and  becoming  attached  to  the  life  of  a  planter, 
were  encouraged  to  take  up  extensive  tracts  of  land 
in  Virginia,  and  after  a  time  to  remove  there  or  to 
some  one  of  the  North  American  colonies.  Inter 
marriage  and  business  relations  between  families 
residing  in  Barbadoes  and  in  the  colonies  were  com 
mon.  The  list  of  subscribers  to  the  Rev.  Griffith 
Hughes'  "[ Natural  History  of  Barbadoes,"  a  folio 
illustrated  work  published  in  London,  1750,  contains 
the  names  of  thirty-three  residents  of  Virginia. 
These  names  are  as  follows  :  Col.  William  Beverley, 
Col.  Richard  Bland,  Col.  George  Braxton,  Col.  Car 
ter  Burwell,  Col.  Lewis  Burwell,  Mr.  John  Bushrod, 

Col.  Charles  Carter,  Col.  Landen  Carter,  Mr. 

Curtis,  Jr.,  Maj.  William  Dangerfield,  Rev.  William 
Dawson,  president  of  the  College  of  William  and 
Mary,  Mr.  Techarner  Degraffenreid,  Mr.  Stephen 
Dewey,  Right  Hon.  Thomas,  Lord  Fairfax,  Hon. 
William  Fairfax,  Col.  William  Fitz-Hugh,  Col.  Joshua 
Fry,  Mr.  William  Kennar,  Col.  George  Lee,  Mr. 
John  Lee,  Mr.  Lunford  Lomax,  Mr.  John  Mercer, 
Maj.  Andrew  Monroe,  Thomas  Nelson,  Esq.,  Hon. 
William  Newton,  Mr.  Edward  Pendleton,  Mr.  James 


Preface.  1 3 

Pomer,  James  Reid,  Esq.,  Hon.  John  Robinson,  Esq. 
president  of  the  Council,   Col.    Prestley  Thornton, 
Maj.  Peter  Wagener,  Mr.  George  Webb,  and  Beverley 
Whiting,  Esq. 

Much  personal  intercourse  and  a  comparatively 
large  and  active  trade  in  the  exchange  of  products 
were  carried  on  between  the  residents  of  Virginia  and 
of  the  Island  of  Bardadoes  down  to  the  period  of  the 
American  Revolution. 

For  civil  and  eclesiastical  government  the  Island 
was  divided  into  eleven  parishes,  beginning  at  the 
north  and  going  south.  The  name,  area,  acreage 
and  population  of  each,  as  given  in  1844  'm  Schom- 
burgk's  history  of  the  Island,  appear  below.  The 
letter  in  parenthesis,  after  the  name  of  each  parish,  is 
intended  as  a  key  in  the  list  of  estates  following,  to 
show  in  which  parish  the  estate  or  estates  are  situated: 


NAME. 

Sq.  miles. 

Acres. 

Population. 

St  Lucy  (a)     

13.6 

8,725 

6.Q34. 

St.  Peter  (b)  

I3.O 

8,330 

~»5O*r 
8,34.3 

St.  Andrews  (c)  ... 

13.7 

8,780 

5,QQ5 

St  James  (d) 

12.  1 

7  goo 

c  704. 

St   Joseph  (e) 

Q.4. 

6  oio 

6  7^ 

St.  Thomas  (f)  

13.3 

8.550 

u>  /  JJ 
o  CO4. 

St.  Tohn  (sO 

17.  C 

8,600 

*»J  3<-fir 

8,538 

St.  George  (h)  

1  JO 

16.0 

IO.7Q5 

IO.  174. 

St.  Michael  (i)  

I  5.O 

0,580 

34.,  34.4. 

Christ  Church  (j) 

22  1 

H7.IO 

14.  080 

St   Philip  (k)    . 

27   C 

I  C  O4.O 

12  82O 

106,470 

122,198 

1 4  Preface. 

At  the  period  when  Washington  wrote  his  Journal, 
slavery  existed  on  the  Island  and  the  estates  were,  as  a 
general  fact,  larger  than  at  the  present  time.  Popu 
lation  has  gradually  increased  on  the  Island  and  the 
policy  has  been  to  encourage  the  division  of  larger 
plantations  and  promote  small  holdings,  so  that  now 
the  whole  Island  is  cultivated  as  carefully  as  a  garden. 
Schomburgk,  before  referred  to,  says  that  in  1840 
there  were  1,874  land-owners  of  one  acre  or  more, 
383  of  whom  were  females. 

He  classes  them  thus:  239  persons  owned  i  acre, 
236  owned  2  acres,  116  owned  3  acres,  116  owned  4 
acres,  73  owned  5  acres,  47  owned  6  acres,  51  owned 
7  acres,  34  owned  8  acres,  20  owned  9  acres  and  940 
owned  10  acres  and  upwards. 

The  following  are  the  names  of  the  owners  of  the 
chief  plantations  in  Barbadoes  as  given  in  the  map 
which  accompanies  the  Rev.  Mr.  Hughes'  "  Natural 
History  of  Barbadoes,"  already  referred  to,  printed 
in  1750.  The  names  are  taken  from  his  map  and 
are  arranged  in  alphabetical  order,  the  letter  affixed 
indicates  in  which  particular  parish  the  estate  or 
estates  are  situated,  and  the  figures,  the  number  of 
estates  owned  in  each  parish.  Readers  will  at  once 
recognize  the  identity  of  many  names  of  the  owners  of 
lands  in  Barbadoes  with  well-known  names  among  the 


Preface.  1 5 

early  settlers  in  the  United  States,  numbers  of  whom 
were  connected  by  descent  or  marriage  :  Adams,  j,  5, 
k,  2.     Agard,  a.     Alamby,  d,  f.     Alexander,  k.     All 
Saints  Church,  b.     Allemby,  i.     Allen,  e,  j.     Allen  & 
Murry,  k.     Alleyne,  b,  c,   2,  d,  2,  g,  h,  i,  j.     Alms 
House,  h.     Andersto,  b.     Anderston,  b.     Andrew,  d. 
Andrews,  e.    Antherly,  k.    Applewhaite,  f.    Archer,  a. 
Arnell,  b.     Arnott,  a.     Arthur,  i.     Ashby,  g.     Ash- 
ford,  f.     Ashurst,  j.     Astin,  f.     Athurst,  j.     Atkins,  j. 
Austin,  f,  j.    Bailey,  e.     Baker,  b,  k.     Balgay,  e.    Ball, 
b,  f,  i,  j.      Banker,  k.      Bannister,  f,   2.      Banyn  & 
Jones,  g.     Barker,  j.      Barney,  h,  i.     Barren,  i.     Bar- 
ron,  a.     Barry,  g,  j.     Bart,  g.    Bartlet,  j.     Barwick,  i. 
Bate,  g,  2.     Batson,  h.     Battyn,  h.     Bay,  k.     Bayn- 
ton,  i.     Beal,  g.     Beck,  h.     Beckles,  j.     Bell,  h.     Bell- 
grove,  b.     Bennet,  j.     Bernard,  d.     Bernert,  b.     Ber 
wick,  d.    Best,  b.     Bewcock,j.     Billington,  d.    Bishop, 
k.     Bishop,  a.     Bisser,  e.     Blockgrove,  j.     Blake,  e. 
Blath,  k.     Blenman,  d,  h.     Boaz,  k.     Bond,  h.     Bon 
net,  i.    Booding,  j.    Booth,  i.     Botman,  g.     Bottom,  k. 
Boucher,  k,  2.      Bourn,  j.      Bourne,  j,  2.     Bowma,  g. 
Boyce,  a.      Brace,  h.      Brandon,  f.      Brathwaite,  k. 
Bready,  j.     Brewster,  k.     Brigges,  h.     Brown,  d,  2. 
Browne,  a.     Bryan,  f,  k,  2.     Bruce,  c.     Bruerton,  j. 
Bull,  i.     Bullard,  f.     Burgas,  c.     Burk,  h.     Bushel,  k. 
Butcher,  e,  h,  j,  3.     Butler,  j.     Buttall,  h.     Bwin,  f. 


1 6  Preface. 

Bycraft,  j.  Byrch,  i.  Cadogon,  a.  Calvin,  f. 
Carew,  j.  Carlton,  f.  Carmichael,  e.  Carney,  i. 
Carrington,  k,  2.  Carter,  i,  j.  Carter,  c,  2,  i,  j.  I. 
Carter,  f.  W.  Carter,  f.  Cartwell,  f.  Casie,  b,  d. 
Cecil,  f.  Chalky,  c.  Charnock,  j,  2,  k.  Charnot,  j. 
Chase,  b,  c,  d,  j,  2.  I.  Chase,  j.  Cheasman,  e. 
Cheete,  c.  Christ  Church,  j.  Clark,  b,  f,  h,  k,  3. 
Clay,  i.  Claypole,  k.  Clinket,  f.  Clinton,  a,  b. 
Cluterbuck,  b.  Cobham,  c,  f.  Codrington,  i.  Cod- 
rington  College,  Society  of,  g,  2.  Cogon,  i.  Cojear, 
a.  Cole,  c,  d,  k.  Collens,  d,  j.  Colleton,  b,  g,  k. 
Corner,  j.  Cox,  d,  e,  2,  f,  k.  I.  Cox,  e.  Copland,  d. 
Crask,  g.  Crichlow,  j,  5.  Croft,  i.  Crowe,  b.  Crul, 
a.  Cull,  h.  Culpeper,  g,  2,  k,  2.  Cumberbatch,  c,  2. 
Curtis,  k.  Cutting,  j.  Dakers,  b.  Darby,  f.  Darne, 
c.  Daven,  h.  Davis,  c,  e,  f,  i,  j.  Daws,  j.  Daw- 
son,  b.  Decas,  a.  Denning,  b.  Donee,  d.  Dome,  c. 
Dotin,  c,  3,  f.  Dotins,  b.  Douglas,  a.  Downing,  d. 
Dow,  a,  b.  Dowel,  j.  Downs,  f.  Drake,  k,  Drars 
Hope,  h.  Draxs  Hall,  h.  Draycot,  j.  Drink,  g. 
Duffey,  i.  Duke,  f,  g.  Dunkley,  i.  Durise,  i.  Earl, 
f.  Eastmond,  g.  Eaton,  e.  Edwards,  c,  d.  Elecok,  f. 
Elcot,  h.  English,  a.  Evans,  j,  k.  Farnham,  a. 
Farr,  b.  Feake,  e.  Fennel,  i.  Fercherso,  d.  Fin- 
ley,  h.  Fisher's  Pond,  e.  Fletcher,  a.  Forbs,  i. 
Ford,  j,  4.  Forster,  b.  Fort,  h.  Fortescue,  k. 


Preface.  1 7 

Foster,  e.  Franklin,  k,  3.  Free  School,  h.  Frere, 
h,  i,  2,  j,  2,  k.  French,  h.  Freve,  j.  Friz,  k.  Gallop, 
f,  g  Gamble,  i,  2.  Garden,  j.  Garret,  i.  Gaskin, 
f,  2.  Gaslin,  b.  Gatten,  j.  Gayalleyne,  b.  Gibbs, 
d  Gibs,  d.  Gibbes,  c,  2,  d,  f,  3,  i,  k.  Gibbons,  b, 
2,  h,  i,  j.  Gibson,  d.  Gilbert,  k.  Giscomb,  a. 
Gittens,  k,  2.  I.  Gittens,  k.  Jo.  Gittens,  k.  Godwyn, 

1.  Goodman,  e.     Gordon  i,  j.     Gough,  a,  h.     Gould- 
ing,  a.     Graeme,  j.     Graha,  a.     Grant,  e.     Graves,  a. 
Gray,  i,  j.     Green,  i,  2.     Greenwich,  j.     Gresset,  i. 
Griffin,  k.     Griffith,  a,  2,  k.     Gritton,  k.     Grove,  c.  i. 
Gubbens,  f.     Gullston,  g.     Gutter,  b,  2.     Hacket,  a. 
Hagbourn,  b.     Haggard,  i.     Haggatts,  i,  j.      Hall, 

f,  h,  k.     Haines,  c.     Hannay,  d,  j.     Hainnis,  b,  g,  h. 
Harper,  e,  f,  i.     Harris,  a,  b,  c,  i,  2,  j.     Harrison,  a, 

2,  b,  3,  c,  3,  d,  h,  i,  2.     Hart,  g.     Harwood,  f.     Haw 
kins,   i.      Hawksworth,  b.      Hayes,   j.      Flaynes,  g. 
Hayns,  b.     Helms,  f.      Henry,  e.     Hill,  g,  i.     Hillar, 
k,  2.     Highemfal,  i.     Hinds,  a,  b,  2.     Holder,  b,  c,  3, 
d,  e,  2,  f,  g,  h,k,  2.     Hole,  h.     I.  Hole,  i.     Hollins,  g. 
Hollinsivo,  a.     Holloway,  b.    Homer,  a,  j,  2,  k.    Hope, 
h.     Hooper,  f,  h,  i.      Horsham,  b.     Howard,  f,  j,  k. 
Howel,  g.     Hothersall,  g,  2,  i.     Huls,  j.     Husbands, 

g.  Hussey,  a,  3.     Huts,  k.     Hutton,  g.      Hyans,  f. 
I  nee,   k.     Ireland,   j.     Jack,   i.     Jackman,   k.     Jack 
son,  i,  2.     Jacobs,  c,  i.     Jalin,  i.     James,  j.    Jarvas,  c. 

3 


1 8  Preface. 

Jarwood,  a.  Jeepens,  c.  Jenkins,  d.  Jenot,  a.  2. 
Jemmot,  j.  Jolly,  k.  Johns,  a.  Johnston,  c.  Jones, 
e,  h,  2,  j,  k.  Jones  &  Banyn,  g.  W.  Jones,  h. 
Jordan,  a,  d,  f,  h.  B.  Jordan,  a.  H.  Jordan,  a.  I.  Jor 
dan  a,  2.  S.  Jordan,  a.  Kallender,  j.  Kely,  g 
Ken,  a.  Kennel,  a.  Kidder,  h.  Kieth,  i.  King, 
d,  3,  h.  Kirkham,  i.  Kirton,  j,  k.  Knight  and  Pul- 
man,  i.  Lacock,  a.  Lake,  c.  Lane,  i.  Lapthorn,  b. 
Lascells,  d,  g.  Lashley,  k,  2.  Law,  d,  2.  Lawes,  i. 
Lawr,  d,  f.  Lawren,  i.  Lawrence,  i.  Lee,  d.  Lenoir, 
i,  2.  Lesslie,  g.  Lewe,  h.  Lewes,  i,j.  Lloyd,  b.  g. 
Long,  d.  Louther,  j.  Lucas,  j.  Luke,  d,  f,  i. 
Lyon,  g.  Lyte,  h.  McCarty,  i.  McClure,  a.  Mc- 
Cully,  h.  McMahon,  h.  Mallard,  c.  Malony,  k. 
Man,  k.  Mane,  j.  Map,  k.  Mapp,  j.  Marshall,  c. 
Marten,  b,  f,  i.  Martendale,  f.  Martin,  h.  Mashart, 
j.  Mason,  e.  Masse,  i.  Maverick,  a,  2,  d.  May- 
cock,  a,  2,  b.  Maycoye,  j.  Maynard,  b,  3,  f.  May- 
ner,  i.  Maxwell,  j,  2.  Mead,  c.  Mellows,  d,  e. 
Miller,  g,  h,  2,  i.  Milles,  c,  2.  Millington,  k,  2.  Mon 
roe,  b.  Ld.  Montford,  g,  2.  Moor,  g,  h,  i,  2.  Moore,  j. 
Morgan,  e.  Morrick,  k.  Morris,  i,  j.  Mosley,  g. 
Mousley,  g.  Mower,  j.  Murry,  i,  2.  Murry  & 
Allen,  k.  Mynard,  j.  Murphy,  k.  Neal,  g.  Nor- 
ville,  b.  Nichols,  f.  Nightengal,  j.  Nurse,  g,  2,  j. 
Newton,  k,  3.  Odel,  f.  Gray,  j.  Osborne,  b,  c,  g, 


Preface.  1 9 

i,  k,  2.  Palmer,  h,  k.  Park,  c.  Parsons,  e,  j,  k. 
Parry,  i.  E.  Pat,  k.  Payne,  g.  Pemberton,  h. 
Peers,  j,  2.  Penza,  i.  Peris,  g.  Perrin,  k.  Perry, 
e.  2,  i.  Peters,  a,  2,  j.  Philips,  j,  2.  Pinder,  j. 
Piere,  d.  Pickering,  a.  Pilgrim,  i,  j,  2,  k.  Piggot, 
d,  i.  Platt,  h.  Pollard,  k.  Pooler,  a.  Poor,  i,  3. 
Poyer,  a.  Price,  j,  k.  Pritchard,  j.  Quaker  Meet 
ing  House,  a,  f.  Quintine,  g,  k.  Rallston,  b.  Ram 
say,  j.  Rawlins,  j,  k,  2.  Reder,  a.  Redwood,  c. 
Rice,  k,  3.  Rich,  j.  Richards,  c.  Richar,  j.  Ridg- 
way,  d,  f,  i.  Robert,  i,  2.  Roberts,  h,  j.  Robinson, 
h,  2,  k.  Rogers,  f.  Rose,  k.  Rosney,  d.  Ross,  b. 
Rouse,  g,  3.  Row,  a.  H.  Row,  a.  Rudor,  c,  e. 
Rycraft,  j.  St.  Andrew's  Church,  c.  St.  Ann's 
Castle,  i.  St.  George's  Church,  h.  St.  John's 
Church,  g.  St.  Joseph's  Church,  e.  St.  Lucy's 
Church,  a.  St.  Philip's  Church,  k.  St.  Thomas's 
Church,  f.  Sad,  f.  Saer,  k,  2.  Sainthill,  g.  San- 
ford,  k,  2.  Salmoe,  i.  Salter,  h.  Sampson,  f.  Scan- 
terbury,  b,  2.  Scot,  g,  i,  j.  Scott,  b,  d,  2.  Seargent, 
k.  Sheets,  f,  2.  Sherard,  i.  Shew,  i.  Shocknas,  a. 
Simmonds,  i.  Simsons,  a.  Sisnet,  k.  Six  Paths,  k. 
Slingsby,  d.  Small,  k.  Smiton,  h.  Smith,  d,  e,  k. 
Snow,  i.  Sober,  b,  2.  Sommers,  a,  h.  Spencer,  f. 
Spright,  i.  Squire,  i.  Stanford,  c.  Stanley,  j. 
Stanton,  h.  Starky,  a.  Stephens,  i.  Stewart,  g,  j. 


2O  Preface. 

Sullivan,  b.  Sutton,  h,  i.  Swan,  c.  Tayler,  k,  2. 
Taylor,  g,  h,  2,  j,  k.  Tait,  c,  d,  e,  f.  Terrill,  a.  2,  b,  j. 
Terry,  i.  Thorn,  e,  4,  j.  Thomas,  d,  3.  Thorn,  e, 
2,  i,  j.  I.  Thorn,  e.  Thornhill,  a.  Toppins,  g. 
Topyun,  j.  Towns,  g.  Treasure,  b.  Trent,  d. 
Tudor,  i.  Tunks,  i.  Turton,  i.  Tuson,  j.  Vaughn, 
e,  2,  k.  Vaughn  &  Carmichael,  e.  Vodry,  k.  Wait, 
d,  k.  Wakefield,  i.  Walcot,  e,  g,  k.  Walk,  f.  Wal 
ker,  b,  2,  c,  e,  f,  h.  Wall,  b.  R.  Wall,  k.  Waller,  b. 
Walter,  d,  2.  Wandswo,  i.  Ward,  b,  c,  i.  Warner,  j. 
Warren,  g,  i.  Waterman,  b,  e,  i.  Webb,  e,  k.  C. 
Webb,  k.  Weeks,  k,  2.  Wells,  b,  2.  Welsh,  d. 
Whitaker,  i.  White,  i,  2.  Widon,  i.  Wilcox,  j.  Wil- 
dey,  i.  Wilk,  k.  Williams,  a,  d,  e,  f,  k.  Wilse,  k. 
Wiltshire,  h.  Witaker,  a,  b.  Withers,  i.  Wood,  k. 
Woodber,  i.  Worrel,  f.  Worsham,  h.  Wright,  b. 
Wye,  g.  Yeamons,  d.  Vermouth,  d. 


JOURNAL.1 


[The  first  leaves  of  Washington's  Journal  to  Barbadoes  have  crumbled  to 
dust  and  are  lost.  The  following  words  and  parts  of  words  remain  along 
the  inner  margin  of  the  Journal  on  what  is  assumed  to  have  been  pages  i, 
2,  3,  4-] 


[ist  page.] 
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1  This  Journal  was  put  in  the  publisher's  hands,  regretfully  omitting  the 
mutilated  parts  as  unintelligible.  After  all  the  copy  that  had  been  furnished, 
was  in  type,  the  editor  was  pleased  to  find  that  Mr.  Munsell's  skill  had 
presented  the  damaged  parts  of  the  Journal  in  a  form  so  much  better  than 
he  had  expected  was  possible,  that  his  desire  was  revived  to  produce  the 
entire  Journal  as  it  exists.  On  presenting  the  proposition  to  the  publishers, 
although  it  gives  them  much  trouble  and  expense,  they  have  in  the  interest 
of  truth  and  history,  consented  to  do  the  best  they  could  and  give  the  docu 
ment  entire.  So,  notwithstanding  what  is  said  in  the  preface  and  introduction, 
which  was  printed  before  this  resolution  was  taken  concerning  the  omissions 
there  spoken  of,  and  the  reasons  for  them,  the  whole  Journal,  as  it  now 
exists,  is  here  given,  with  all  its  imperfections,  which  are  many,  and  sub 
scribers  and  purchasers  may  rely  upon  the  statement  here  made,  that  they 
have  every  word  and  letter  that  can  be  deciphered  in  Washington's  Journal 
to  the  Barbadoes,  without  omission  or  alteration. 


22 


Majr.   Go.  Washington  s 

[5th  page.] 


kn». 

Coure. 

Winds 

Remarks 

for  Saturday  2gth 

EsE 

N  E 

this  2 

of 

[6th  page.] 


s 

EBN 

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tr. 

Course 

diste. 

Diff*  of  Late 

Lat. 

SEES 

89 

74m'8  

34°..  29' 

m 

219  East 

60'  East 

69—55. 


[7th  page.] 


KtB 

Course 

Winds 

Remarks  for  Sunday  3Oth 

4 

SEES 
E 

EBN 

East 

The  foregoing 
at  East 

[8th  page.] 


SE 

Sail 
to  the 

Course 

diste 

diffe  of  Late 

Latitude 

w* 

S  W  |  W 

m 

16  E* 

28  S°  .     ... 

•2-2°  04' 

28 

6q  —  59 

Barbadoes  Journal. 

[gth  page.] 


Kt, 

Course 

Winds 

Remarks  for 

Wednesday  2d 

n 

N  E* 

SSE 
ESE 
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Got  under 
stay  so 
great 

[loth  page.] 


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four  hours  clear  Weather  & 

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2 

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discovered  a  Sail  bearing  W  S  W  —  distance 

10 
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2  Leagues  She  appears  to  be  a  sloop  stands 
to  ye  E*  W 

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Majr.   Go.  Washington's 


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6 
8 
10 

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8 
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34 
34 
34 
34 
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East 
East 
East 

N°W. 
E 

No 
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N°  W. 

These  24  hours  had  Moderate  Winds  from 
the  N°  with  Smooth  Sea  &  clear  weather 
made  all  the  Sail  we  cou'd  —    Righted  all 
the  Riggan 

o 

3E. 

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75 

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33°—  24' 

533—  E* 

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o 

6 

8 

10 
12 
2 

4 
6 

8 

10 

0 

34 

24 
24 
24 

East 

North 
West 

This  Day  for  the  first  part  little  Wind  Fair 
Weather  &  smooth  Sea  — 

Catched  a  Dolphin2  at  8  P.  M.  a  Shark3 
at  ii  &  a  One  of  his  pilot  fish4  the  Dalpin 
&  pilot  fish  was  dressed  for  Dinner 

Sprung  up  a  Little  breeze  of  Wind  at  W  S  W 
which  Waver'd  to  and  from  the  N* 

(•Calm 
East 

i 
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4  Dolphin,  a  comparatively  common  fish  in  most  parts  of  the  ocean,  is 
from  five  to  eight  feet  in  length,  and  is  very  active  in  its  habits.  The  flesh 
is  white  and  eaten  by  sailors  and  persons  at  sea  with  relish.  The  changing 
colors  of  the  dying  dolphin  have  been  the  theme  of  much  comment  by  natu 
ralists  and  poets. 


Barbadoes  Journal. 


3  Shark;  this  fish  from  its  peculiarly  formed  jaw  and  teeth  is  also  called 
the  dog  fish.     Some  of  the  species  are  harmless  to  man  but  others  are  par 
ticularly  ferocious  and  dangerous.     They  are  numerous  and  found  in  all 
parts  of  the  sea  and  along  shore. 

4  Pilot  fish,  so  named  from  the  once  common  belief  that  it  acted  as  a  pilot 
to  the  shark.     It  is  active,  gracefully  formed  and  handsomely  marked  with 
seven  black  cross  or  circling  bands  around  its  body.     This  fish  is  edible 
but  is  rarely  taken  of  a  size  much  exceeding  a  foot  in  length. 


H» 

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's  for  Munday  7th 

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SW 

But  Little  Wind 

at  S.  W.  &  S°  with  calm  smooth 

^4 

it 

Sea  and 

fair  Weather  Saw 

many  fish 

swimming 

6 

li 

ab1  us  of  which 

a  Dalphin  we  catchd  at  Noon 

8 

i* 

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but   cou'd   not   intice   with  a  baited 

hook   two 

10 

I* 

Baricootas5  which   played 

under  our  Stern  for 

12 

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South 

some  Hours  the 

Dalpin  being  small 

we  had  it 

2 

2.  . 

dressed 

for  Supper 

4 

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oo°—  55'  E* 

6i°—  54'- 

5  Barracuda,  a  voracious  fish  of  from  six  to  ten  feet  in  length,  common 
in  the  Atlantic  ocean  and  particularly  so  about  the  Bahama  Islands.  It  is 
edible  at  certain  seasons. 


20 


Majr.   Go.  Washington! s 


1—  1 

to 

K* 

Course 

Wind 

Remarks  for  Tuesday  8th 

0 

e 

0 

3i 

ESE 

S  W 

Small  Wind   at  S  W.  with   Smooth    Sea  &   fair 

t~~l 

2* 

Weathr  was  attended  by  a  large   Dalpin   swim& 

6 

2.  . 

around  ye  ship  that  vvou'd  not  be  insnar'd  by  any 

8 

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bait  we  cou'd  lay 

10 

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3* 
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Course 

Winds 

Remarks  for  Wednesday  9th 

ESE 

WSW 

Fine  clear  Weather  with  moderate  Gales  of  Wind 
and  smooth  Sea  for  the  first  part  the  latter  was 
favour'd  with  a  brisker  Wind 

S  W 



sw' 

5* 

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WSW 

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dist6 

difPof  Lat  Latitude  M8  dist6 

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100  D 

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DI°—  so'E*      58°—  45' 

Barbadoes  Journal. 


r 

K> 

Course 

Wind 

Remarks  for  Thursday.  .  ioth  

54 

S  E 

W  S  W 

6 

5i 

Clear  Weather  Moderate  Breese  &  Smooth  Sea 

8 

5- 

10 

4£ 

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6 

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105  D 

00°  —  57'     31*  —  30'     864  E    01°  —  40'  E     57 

Hr 

Kts 

Courses 

Wind 

Remarks  for  Fryday  IIth  .... 

a| 

S  S  E 

N  N  W 

2- 

Light  Breese  of  Wind  for  the  first  part  which 

6 

I* 

died  away  Espyed  a  Sail  at  3  P  M  to  the  S  W. 

8 

I- 

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00°  —  26'  S    31°  —  04'  870  —  E  oo°—  6'  —  E  56—59  — 

28 


Majr.    Go.   Washingtoris 


r 

6 

8 

10 
12 
2 

6 

8 

10 
12 

Kts 

Courses 

Wind 

Remarks  for  Saturday  12th 

3* 
3- 
3- 
3i 
3i 
3* 

3- 
3- 
3* 
3- 
3- 

E  B  N 
East 

SEBS 
S  SE* 

Fresh  gales  of  Wind  at   S  S  E  and   wavering 
with  clear  &  pleasant  Weather  —  saw  the  sale 
mention'd  the  preceding  day 

handed  the  Sprit  Sail  &  flying  Jib  - 

79  M 

EBS 

Si 

oo°.i4'N    31°—  18'  949  E1  oi°—  32'E*     5 

H' 

K«» 

Course 

Wind 

Remarks  for  Sunday  ye  13th 

S 

3*- 

EBS 

SBE 

i* 

3— 

2 

E'B-SiS 

South 

Light  and  variable  Winds  have  attended  this 
Dav  with  hazey  Weather  &  some  Squales  of 

^8 

3— 

small  Rain  —  R  F  S  at  10  P  M  — 

10 

2  — 

12 

2  — 

ESE 

South 

2 

3— 

4 

fj  

6 

3— 

EBS 

SBE 

8 

2 

S  S  E 

S°  — 

10 

2 

SSE 

SW  — 

12 

Ii 

9M 

East 

59  D 

oo  —  oo     31°  —  18'  1008  E*  01°  —  09'  E    54.18  — 

Barbadoes  Journal. 


29 


Remarks  for  Munday  14th 

r—  I 
fa 

Q 

2- 

E  SE 

South 

e 
o  6 

2 

Light  &  variable    Winds   for  the   Ist  part  ye 
Latter  Calm  with  a  great  Swell  from  ye  South 

i^jg 

1  S  B  E 

SWBW 

ward   Saw  a   Sail    at  2  pm   at   4—  discover  d 

10 

1 

her  to  be  a  Brigantine  stands  to  the  Westward. 

12 

2 

J^Calm 

4 

6 

8 

J  h 

10 

3 

E' 

12 

a* 

C 

r—  i 

0 

0 

c 

m 

C 

o         E* 

SEBE 

22  D 

OO°  —  I2'S    31°  —  O6'        IO26     .OO°  —  2l'E'    46          O 

Ku 

Course 

Wind 

Remarks  for  Tuesday  15* 

c 

o 

G 

M 

o 

3- 
4 
4 

S°  

E  B  S 

Fresh  and  Wavering  Gales  with                      *§ 
contending  Seas  from  Southwar 
&  N°  Ward                                                        % 

i  —  '8 

4 

i±l 

10 

4 

ESE 

12 

3* 

ssw. 

SE 

2 

3 

4 

3 

6 

3 

SWBS 

SEES 

8 

10 

3 

SSW. 

SE 

12 

3 

SWBS 

SEES 

r—\ 

to 

o 

c 

m 

m 

2    '9W 

SBW 

80  D 

01°  —  i6'S  29°  —  50'  looy-E*  oo°-22'.W.   54°  —  19' 

Majr.    Go.   Washington  s 


K" 

Course 

Wind 

Remarks  for  Wednesday  16 

E1 

o 

4 

S  W  BS 

EE  BS 

The  first  part  fresh  &  wavering  Winds  with 

0 

^8 

3i 

3* 
3i 

S  W 
SWBW 

SSE 
SBE 

some  Squals  of  Rain  the  Latter  Strong  Wind 
with   hard    Squals   which   turn'd    to  a   heavy 
settled  Rain  at  8PM.     OMTSatAM6 

IO 

3- 

R  F  S  at  10  D  R 

F  S  at  ii  H 

FS 

12 

3* 

2 

3- 

WSW 

S° 

4 

3t 

6 

4i 

8 

4- 

0 

3* 

to2 

2- 

0 

a 

0 

S? 

^ 

o 

m    DRS 

ddp 

a 

W. 

W  S  W 

80 

30 

29  —  2O' 

932  E*     oi°- 

-26'      55       o 

Ku 

Course 

Wind 

Remarks  for  Thursday  17th 

ta1 

0 

S6 

2- 
H 

ii 

ESE 
SBE 

S  B  W 
WSW 

Hard  gales  of  Wind  and  Rain  'till  4  P  M;  wh  *§ 
the  Wind  got  to  the  Westward  and  moderated  c 
12  was  calm  with  a  disturb'd  and  large  Sea   o 

C« 

IO 

i 

i 

N  W4 

which  eminently 
roling  away  'till 

endanger'd  our  masts       '  —  ' 
reliev'd  by  a  small    N°  W1 

12 

calm 

breese  a 

t  2  A  M 

we  rrow 

ded   all   the 

Sail   VVR 

2 

i 

N  W 

cou'd  to 

steady  her  going  which  scarcely  had 

4 

i 

the  desir'd  effect  : 

Discover'd  a  Sail 

standing 

6 

ii 

to  the  N°  Ward  of  us  at  10  a  :  m 

8 

a 

IO 

2- 

2 

2i 

SBE 

No 

r—  i 
fa 

O 

d 

o   25  E* 

SEi  E4 

33  D 

oo°—  21' 

28°-59' 

957-E' 

00  —  29'  E4 

55°—  16' 

Barbadoes  Journal. 


31 


K- 

Course 

1  Wind 

Remarks  for 

Friday  i8th 

0 

e 

IO 
12 
2 

4 
6 
8 
o 

2 

3i 

4* 
4i 
5 
5 

7i 

SEE 

N  El 

Calm 

N  El 

A  Large  Sea  &  some  Squals  of  Rai  ^  &  fresh 
Breeze  'till  2  am  the  wind  died  away  &  rem'd 
calm    untill   9.    with    Settled    Rain  —  when   a 
N  El  Storm  &  Squals  of   Rain  succeded   the 
Rain  with  intermission  the  wind  without 

SEE 

S? 

0 

S 

0 

1  » 

S^E* 

92  D 

oi°—  3i'S   27°- 

-28'   966  E*   00°  — 

g 

ro'E*               o 

Kts 

Course 

Wind 

Remarks  for  Saturday  igth 

r—  i 

te 

0 

c 
c 
o 
^8 

IO 
12 
2 
4 

6 
8 

0 

\ 

4 

2 

..    

S  W* 

Try  up 

Calm 
N°  E* 

N°ofNN 

Hard  Squals  of  Wind  and  Rain  with  a  f         *§ 
mented  Sea  jostling  in  heaps  occasion             c 
by    the   Wavering   wind    which   in 
W.     24  hours  Veer'd  the  Compass  not            ^ 
remaining  2  hours   in   any  point  the  Seamen 
seem'd  disheartned  confessing  they  never  had 
seen  such  weather  before  it  was  universally 
surmis'd  their  had  been  a  violent  hurricane 
not  far  distant  a  prodigy  in  ye  West  appear'd 
towards  ye  suns  setting  ab*  6AM  remarkable 
for  its  extraordinary  redness 

3— 

2| 

South 

East 

calm 
D° 
S  E4 

I 
I 

SW. 

c 

|H 

0 

iHi 

Wt 

S.  SW- 

33  D 

oo°—  30'  S 

26°—  58' 

M954Et 

oo°—  i4'W. 

55—20 

Majr.    Go.   Washingtoris 


r—  I 
0 

Ku 

Course 

Wind 

Remarks  for  Sunday  —  2Oth 

e 

0 

8 
10 

12 
2 

4 
6 

8 

10 
2 

4 

SEE 

NE* 
calm 
N  E: 

N'ofNNW 

A    Constant    succession    of    hard   Winds, 
Squals  of  Rain,  &  Calms  was  the  remar 
kable  attendants  of  this  day  which  was  so 
sudden  &  flighty  we  durst   not  go  under 
any  but  reef'd  Sails  &  those  that  we  cou'd 
D  R  at  6  A  M  put  ab1  to  the  Eastward  A 
sloop  that  for  the  two  preceding  Days  was 
sight  of  us  hung  out  a  Signal  but  wheth  •  —  i 
distress  or  not  we  are  uncertain  if  it  had  ^ 
were  incapable  of  relieving  them  by  ye  c 
contr8  of 

2 

S  W 

Try  up 

3 
3 
2* 

S° 

calm 
SE1 

I 

I 

SW 

0 

c 
1      7E 

EBNfN 

40  D 

D  R 

00°  —  i3;N 

odr  f 

991 

oo°—  42  'E1 

54 

r-n 

Kt. 

Course 

Wind 

Remarks  for  Munday  2ist 

O 

C 

,  , 

0 

2* 

E  S  E 

S°  

This  Day  was  not  much  inferiour  to  th           Q 

2* 

E  B  S 

SEE 

foregoing  only  the  Wind  was  not  quite  so      c 
ing  tho'  hard  with  some  Squals  of  Rain          o 

8 

IO 

Try  up 

E  s  Eof 

Ei  oblig'd  us  to  lay  too  at  8  A  M  at  6  P  M  ma  ^ 
Sail  with  the  wind  at  S  W  and  moderate  undrs 

12 

RM:FS&DRFS 

2 

4 

up  stop 

ESE 

6 

8 

2 

SEES 

S  W 

0 

2* 

fc2 

2 

o 

c 

0 

29  E1 

NE  B  E 

35  D 

006 
00°  —  19'   27  —  30'     1010    00°  —  33'  E*    54—05— 

Barbadoes  Journal. 


33 


K* 

Course 

Wind 

Remarks  for  Thesday  22d 

o 

I* 

SSE* 

SW1 

Light  & 

Wavering  Winds  with  a  large  tumb- 

i, 

10 

2 

SWBW 
W  S  W 

ling  Sea  running  many  ways  by  the  Various 
winds  we  have  lately  had  all  hands  we  busily 
employ'd  in  refitting  the  Riggan  which  had 
suffered  much  in  the  preceding  Storms. 

ai 
i* 

SEE4 

South 

12 

2 

2 

I 

4 

1^. 

6 

I 

8 

Calm 

o 

fc2 

o 

c 

o 

fe1 

1  —  ' 

o 

ol 

c 

8  E4 

SSE' 

21  D 

00°  —  ig'S 

27°-Il'- 

loiSE* 

00°  —  09  'E* 

5      £ 

Kt, 

Course 

Wind 

Remarks  for  Wednesday  23d 

i  —  i 
o 

] 

Calm  'till  SAM 

with  a  considerable 

Sw     r? 

c 

06 

... 

Calm 

the  wind  freshen'd  up  at  East  with  fine 
&  regaling  Weather  Sun'd  over  Ere                c 

[ 

^8 

J 

which  was  almost  Eaten  up  by  Weavel  &      o 

10 

2 

S°  

E1  .... 

Maggots6 

i_  i 

12 

l£ 

2 

2 

S  B  W* 

SEBE 

4 

2 

6 

3 

SSW 

SE1 

8 

3 

0 

3 

2 

ai 

SWBW 

SEE 

? 

G 

06 

0         2W 

SSW. 

32  D 

oo°—  29'S 

26°  —  42' 

ioo6-Et 

oo°-i4'  El 

54°-io'- 

6  The  destruction  of  bread  and  meat  at  sea  by  worms  is  always  imminent, 
and  in  past  times,  before  improved  methods  were  discovered,  it  required 
the  greatest  possible  vigilance  on  the  part  of  commanders  of  ships  to  pre 
serve  food  supplies  in  good  condition  for  long  voyages. 

5 


34 


Majr.    Go.   Washington  s 


K> 

Course 

Wind 

Remarks  for  Thursday  22d 

S? 

o 

c 

3 

SWBW 
SWBS 

SEE 
SEES 

Fresh  Breeses  of  Wind  at  S  S  E  &  wavering  to 
the  S°  ward  with  pleasant  Weathr  &  Smooth 

0 

3 

Sea  at  8  A:  M  made  a  tack  to  the  Eastward  — 

^8 

2* 

S  W 

S  SE 

10 

4 

12 

4 

2 

3 

SWBW 

SEE 

4 

2 

6 

2^ 

S  W- 

SSE 

8 

2* 

SWBW 

SEE 

0 

3- 

ESE 

S° 

feT 

2* 

0 

c 

0 

5? 

^ 

o 

W 

SW^W 

46  D 

c 
00°  —  29'     26  —  10     971  E*    oo  —  39'E*     5 

Kt. 

Course 

Wind 

Remarks  for  Fry  day  25 

i  —  i 

\8 

o 

2k 

ESE 

S° 

Moderate  but  contrary  Winds  fro                     o 

c 

2 

S  S  W4  to  S  S  E4  at  9  P:  M:  Struck  two           c 

S6 

2 

E  B  S 

SEE 

Dalphins  one  of  w'ch  was  lost  at 

^8 

2 

§rew  hazey  and  thick:  with  some                    '  —  ' 

10 

2 

quals  of  Rain  from  S°  E4:  Dalphin 

12 

3 

dressed 

for  Dinner  — 

2 

3 

ESE 

S° 

4 

4 

6 

4 

S  EBE 

S  B  W. 

8 

2| 

0 

3 

ESE 

s° 

S? 

2i 

S  EBE* 

S  B  W. 

0 

d 

o 

4B* 

EfS 

55  D>- 

oo°—  08' 

26°—  05' 

1025.  E1    oi°- 

-oo'     53—49— 

Barbadoes  Journal. 


35 


K.. 

Course 

Wind 

Remarks  for  Saturday  26th 

o 

3 

S  E 

S  S  W 

c 

2 

Hazey  with  contrary  Winds  &  smooth  Sea  — 

0 

3 

^8 

3 

10 

.3 

12 

3i 

2 

3 

4 

SEES 

SWBS 

6 

3* 

8 

3* 

t 

3* 

SSE 

S  W. 

r_l 

o 

0 

g 

g 

o 

o 

E  S  E 

75  D 

oo*  29'  S    26°  —  36' 

urse 

Wind 

Remarks  for        day  27                                     JJ1 
o 

? 

c 
o 
^8 

10 
12 

3i 
3 

E' 
SEE 
S°  

| 

SW. 
SWBW 

N  W. 

Calm 

c 
Light  Winds  &  wavering  from  S 
till  8  p:  M:  when  it  shifted  to  N°  W.               ^ 
died  away  with  Rains  succeeding 

2 

4 
6 

8 

2 
I* 

j 

South 
West 

North 
S  S  W. 
calm 

D° 

E1 

o 

-I  - 

S°  

N° 

c 
c 

o 

S°  

28  D 

00°  —  28'  S  25  —  08  —  1094  Et    oo  —  oo     51°  —  05' 

Majr.   Go.  Washington  s 


E 

o 

K* 

7* 
7* 
8* 
8* 
8i 
8- 
51 
3* 
ij 
ii 

2* 

Course 

Wind 

Remarks 

for  Munday  28th  

c 
o 

U^l 

8 

10 
12 
2 

4 
6 

8 

10 

5 

South 

ENE* 
East 

SEBE* 
ESE 
SE 
SEE. 

Fresh  gale  of  Wind  at  E  N  E  came  on  at  Noon 
with  hazey  Weather  &  some  Rain;  it  shifted  to 
the  Eastward  and  moderated:  at  6  A:M  saw  a 
Sail  to  the  Eastward  bearing  our  course,  made 
her  to  be  a  Sloop:  Unbent  mended  and  set  the 
Main  topsail 

SEW* 
south 
s  s  w 
SWBW 

i±j 

i—  \ 
?t4 
0 

iW. 

132  D. 

02°—  12' 

22° 

0 
L_J 

r—  i 
§ 

Course 

Wind 

Remarks  for  Tuesday  2 

i 

| 

6 
8 

10 
12 
2 

4 
6 

8 

24 

4i 
4i 
4i 
5 

5* 
5* 
5i 
5i 

S  W 
SEW 
South 

SE 
SEBE 
ESE 
EBS 

SEBE 
SEE 

East 

c 
Wavering  but  pleasant  gales  o 
with  Fair  fair  open  weather  :  the  a 
Sloop  still  kept  to  windward  bear 
her  former  course 

SEW 
South 

E? 

o 

F^ 

i__i 

S£W. 

103 

01°  —  43'     21°  —  13'  108; 

j  E*  oo°—o6'Et    51°  -i  8' 

Barbadoes  Journal. 


37 


t—  1 

KtS 

Course 

Wind 

Remarks 

for  Wednesda 

c 

0 

o 

£ 

P 

o 

5 

SBW 

East 

This  Morning  arose  with  agreeably 

1  —  ' 

5 

assurances  of  a  certain  &  steady 

5 

trade  Wind  which  after  near  five  Weeks  buffiting 

8 

4i 

&   being 

toss'd   by  a  fickle  &   Merciless   ocean 

10 
12 

6* 
6i 

was  glad'ening  knews:  the  proceeding  night  we 
seperated  from  sloop  abe  mentioned 

2 

5 

4 

5 

6 

5 

8 

4i 

4i 

ENE* 

*o 

o 

Q 

\       ' 

S  BW 

120  D 

12578 

19°  —  16' 

a 

g 

Course 

Wind 

Remarks 

r-i 

o 

0 

£ 

c 

o 

SBW 

EBE 

Regaling  and  Gentle  Gales 

'  —  ' 

Eastward,  with  hazey  weather  &                            ^ 

4$ 

Rain:  the  latter  part  clear  &  pleas 

8 

Si 

Weather 

10 

Si 

12 

Si 

SBW 

2 

Si 

East 

4 

Si 

EBS 

6 

51 

8 

Si 

? 

Si 

SBW 

c 
1 

1—  1 

to 

o 

c 

5.W: 

SBW 

1300 

2°—  7'  S    17°  —  09'    1047 

-E*     00°                           o 

Majr.   Go.  Washingtoris 


5? 

Remarks  for  Friday  y                                           ^ 

o 

0 

d 

c 

o 

6 

SBW 

East 

o 

^ 

6 

Fine  pleasant  breezes  with  Fair                           ^ 

6 

Weather  &  smooth  Sea,  at  n  A 

:M 

8 

10 

6 
6 

Espy'd 
jectur'd 

two  Ships  bearing  West  which  we  con- 
to  be  Frenchmen  bound  for  Martineca7 

12 

6 

SEW. 

East 

they  being  in  the 

Latitude  thereof 

2 

Si 

4 

51 

6 

Si 

51 

Si 

ttT 

SBW 

E  NE* 

0 

d 

0 

S1 

0 

e 

2°—  16'  S 

c 

0 

7  Martinique,  one  of  the  Lesser  Antilles  in  the  West  Indies  belonging  to 
France  and  colonized  by  her  in  1635.  It  is  a  warm  fertile  island.  Its  chief 
productions  are  sugar,  coffee  and  the  tropical  fruits. 


JOURNAL. 


[NOTE. —  In  Mr.  Sparks's  handwriting  is  noted  on 
the  first  entire  leaf  of  this  Diary,  the  following:  - 

(I  suppose  this  to  be  a  fragment  of  a  Journal  at 
Sea  by  Gen.  Washington,  during  his  voyage  to 
Barbadoes  with  his  Brother.  J.  S.)] 


We  were  grea8 larm'd  with  the  cry  of  Land 

at  4  A:  M:  we  quitted  our  beds  with  surprise  and 

found  ye  land  plainly  appearing  at bout  3  leauges 

distance  when  by  our  reckonings  we  shou'd  have  been 
near  150  Leauges  to  the  Windward  we  to  Leeward 
ab1  ye  distance  above  mention'd  and  had  we  been  but 
3  or  4  leauges  more  we  shou'd  have  been  out  of  sight 
of  the  Island  run  down  the  Latitude  and  probably  not 

have  discover' d Error  in  time  to  have  gain'd 

land  for  3  Weeks  or  More9 

8  It  will  be  observed  by  readers  familiar  with  Wash 
ington's  style  of  writing,  that  this  Journal  does  not 
open  with  the  easy  flow  of  language  usually  found 
in  his  papers.  It  is  explained  in  the  editor's  intro 
duction  that  the  first  part  of  the  Journal  has  been 


4-O  Majr.    Go.   Washington  s 

lost  from  causes  there  fully  stated,  and  with  that 
portion  doubtless  Washington's  felicitous  opening 
perished.  All  mutilations  in  the  text  will  be  indi 
cated  by The  narrative  of  the  Journal,  as  we 

have  it,  begins  with  the  morning  the  vessel  sighted 
the  Island  of  Barbadoes.  The  islanders  spell  the 
name  "  Barbados  ; "  putting  the  accent  on  the  third 
syllable,  instead  of  upon  the  second,  as  is  commonly 
done.  This  spelling  is  also  used  on  the  admiralty 
charts. 

9  At  this  point  in  the  Journal  a  leaf  or  more  is  miss 
ing.  All  details  of  the  landing  of  the  Washingtons 
at  Bridgetown  are  lost.  To  preserve,  as  far  as  may 
be,  the  continuity  of  the  record,  the  editor  here  ven 
tures  to  accept  what  Mr.  Sparks  published  in  his 
Life  and  Writings  of  Washington,  vol.  2,  p.  424,  as 
the  record  of  the  Journal  for  Nov.  4th  and  5th,  but 
now  lost.  This  expedient  will  at  the  same  time  serve 
to  furnish  an  example  of  the  liberty  which  that  author 
took  with  the  original  text. 

"  November  4th  1 75 1.  This  morning  received  a  card 
from  Major  Clarke,10  welcoming  us  to  Barbadoes,  with 
an  invitation  to  breakfast  and  dine  with  him.  We 
went, —  myself  with  some  reluctance,  as  the  smallpox11 
was  in  his  family.  We  were  received  in  the  most  kind 
and  friendly  manner  by  him.  Mrs.  Clarke  was  much 
indisposed,  insomuch  that  we  had  not  the  pleasure 
of  her  company,  but  in  her  place  officiated  Miss 
Roberts,  her  neice,  and  an  agreeable  young  lady. 
After  drinking  tea  we  were  again  invited  to  Mr. 
Carter's,12  and  desired  to  make  his  house  ours  till 


Barbadoes  Journal.  41 

we  could  provide  lodgings  agreeable  to  our  wishes, 
which  offer  we  accepted. 

10  Major  Clarke,  of  Barbadoes,  was  commander  of 
James  Fort,  of  the  Fortification  of  Carlisle  bay,  and 
also  of  the  British  forces  of  the  Windward  Islands. 
Somers    Clarke,   who   left    Barbadoes   in   1753,  was 
possibly  the  person  referred  to,  as  he  filed  a  power 
of  attorney  that  year,  which  bears  date  May  i7th, 
1 753.     \MSS.  records  of  the  Island  of  Barb  ado  es^\ 

11  This  was  a  reasonable  and  well-founded  apprehen 
sion,  for  on  the  1 7th  of  the  month,  thirteen  days  after, 
Washington,  as  he  states  in  his  diary,  was  ''strongly 
attacked  with  the  small-pox."     Fortunately  he  passed 
safely  through  the  disease  with  but  few  marks  and 
none  of  any  consequence  upon  his  face. 

12  This  note  on  the  family  of  Carters  residing  at 
Bridgetown,    Barbadoes,    in   1751,   was    kindly    fur 
nished  me  by  F.  Gardner,  Jr.,  who  recently  made  a 
trip  to  that  island,  and  at  my  request  made  inquiry 
as  to  some  of  the  families  who  extended  hospitalities 
to  George  Washington  and  his  invalid  brother,  Law 
rence.     It  is  presumed  that  it  was  James  Carter  to 
whom  reference  is  made  in  the  diary. 

CARTER. 

1.  "  Temperance  Carter,  wife  Timothy  Chessman 

Carter, ob—   —178."     [Monument,  Parish  of  St. 

Phillip's. 

2.  "The  Revd  John  Carter  died   1780."     [Monu 
ment,  Parish  of  St.  George  ~\ 

3.  James  Carter,  was  a  member  of  Governor's  Coun 
cil  from  1746  to   1749  (and  probably  longer),  under 
both  Gov.  Thomas  Robinson,  baronet,  and  Sir  Henry 


42  Majr.   Go.   Washingtoris 

Grenville.  Appointed  by  Grenville  "  Chief  Justice 
ensuing  Grand  Sessions,"  and  unanimously  approved 
by  Council,  1749.  Governor  Sir  Henry  Grenville 
uses  these  words  in  making  the  appointment,  "  I 
thought  proper  to  recommend  the  eldest  member  of 
this  board,"  showing  that  James  Carter  had  sat 
longest  on  Gov.  Council.  It  was  then  law  that  the 
chief  justice  was  appointed  from  some,  one  of  council 
each  year.  \From  MSS.  "  Council  Records"  of  Bar- 


4.  Samuel  Carter,  merchant,  gives  a  power  of  at 
torney,  Oct.  15,  1754,  on  leaving  the  Island.  \MSS. 
Records,  Colonial  Sec.  office. 

"5th,  —  Early  this  morning  came  Dr.    Hilary,13  an 
eminent  physician  recommended  by  Major  Clarke, 
to  pass  his  opinion  on  my  brother's14  disorder,  which 
he  did  in  a  favorable  light,  giving  great  assurance, 
that  it  was  not  so  fixed  but  that  a  cure  might  be 
effectually  made.     In  the  cool  of  the  evening  we  rode 
out  accompanied  by  Mr.  Carter  to   seek  lodgings  in 
the  country,  as  the  Doctor  advised,  and  were  perfectly 
enraptured  with  the  beautiful  prospects,  which  every 
side  presented  to  our  view,  —  the  fields  of  cane,  corn, 
fruit-trees,  &c.  in  a  delightful  green.     We  returned 
without  accomplishing  our  intentions." 
and  was  perfectly  rav  ......  the  beautiful  prospects 

which  on  every  side  presented  to  our  view  The  fields 
of  Cain,  Corn,  Fruit  Trees,  &c  in  a  delightful  Green. 
We  return'd  without  accomplis.  .ing  our  intentions." 


Barbadoes  Journal.  43 

13  William   Hillary,   M.  D.,  a  physician  of  note  in 
Barbadoes,  was  a  native  of  Great  Britain,  a  writer  of 
reputation  on  the  diseases  of  the  tropics,  and  other 
maladies,  and  also  on  the  small-pox  inoculation.     He 
went  to  Barbadoes  with  the  expectation  of  realizing  a 
large  fortune  from  his  profession  and  as  a  planter. 
Among  his  writings  are,  "  Observations  on  Changes  of 
the  Air,  etc.,  containing  records  of  temperature,  rain 
fall,  etc.,  in  detail  by  months  from  1752  to  1758."    A 

""second  part  of  the  work  contains  a  "  treatise  on  such 
diseases  as  are  most  frequent  in,  or  peculiar  to,  the 
West  India  Islands,  or  the  Torrid-Zone,  both  acute 
and  chronical,  viz.:  The  putrid  Bilious,  or  Yellow 
Fever,  the  Dry  Gripes,  the  Dysentery,  the  Opistho- 
tonos  and  Tetany,  the  Rabies  Canina,  the  Apthoides 
Chronica,  the  Nyctalopia,  Hemeralopia,  the  Elphan- 
tiasis,  Vena  Medicusis  or  Guinea  Worm,  the  Arabian 
Leprosy,  the  Yaws  and  the  Impetigo  or  Ring  Worm, 
by  William  Hillary,  M.  D." 

14  Major    Lawrence    Washington    was  the  second 
child  and  oldest  surviving  son  of  Augustin  and  Jane 
(Butler)  Washington,  born  at  Pope's  Creek,  West 
moreland    county,  Virginia,   in   1718.     He   was    the 
grandson  of  Lawrence  and  great  grandson  of  Colonel 
John,  the  emigrant,  who  came  to  Virginia  about  1657. 
Augustin,  the  father  of  Lawrence,  was  twice  mar 
ried  and  had  ten  children  as  follows  :   ist,  Butler,  born 
1716,  died  young;   2d,  Lawrence,  born  1718,  died  at 
Mount  Vernon  26th  July,  1752  ;  3d,  Augustin,  born 

1720,  died    ;  4th,  Jane,  born  1722,  died  1735. 

By  his  second  wife,  Mary  Ball,  he  had,  ist,  George, 
first  president  of  the  United  States,  born  nth  Feb 
ruary,  O.  S.,  died   i4th   December,   1799;  2d,  Betty, 
born  1733,  died  3Ist  March,  1797  ;  3d,  Samuel,  born 
1734,  died  1781  ;  4th,  John  Augustin,  born  1736,  died 


44  Majr.   Go.  Washington  s 

1 787  ;  5th,  Charles,  born  1 738,  died  September,  1 799  ; 
6th,  Mildred,  born  1739,  died  1740.  At  the  age  of 
fifteen  Lawrence  was  sent  to  England  to  be  educated. 
On  leaving  college,  he  obtained  a  Captain's  commis 
sion  in  the  army,  and  served  in  a  regiment  raised  in 
Virginia  for  the  expedition  against  Carthegena  1 740- 
42,  under  the  command  of  Admiral  Vernon,  and 
returned  to  Virginia  in  the  Fall  of  1742.  His  father 
died  1 2th  April,  1743,  leaving  a  comparatively  large 
estate  to  his  wife  and  children.  Lawrence,  being 
the  oldest  son,  was  made  one  of  the  executors, 
and  to  him  was  left  "  the  Hunting  Creek"  plantation 
on  the  Potomac,  consisting  of  2,500  acres.  To 
Augustin,  his  third  child,  who  had  married  Anne 
Aylett,  was  bequeathed  the  plantation  of  Wakefield, 
on  which  he  was  then  residing.  George,  the  oldest 
child  by  his  second  marriage,  was  to  have  the  plan 
tation  at  Falmouth.  His  widow  and  each  of  his 
children  were  thus  duly  provided  for.  On  the  I9th 
July,  1743,  Lawrence  was  married  to  Anne,  eldest 
daughter  of  the  Hon.  William  Fairfax,  of  Belvoir, 
by  his  first  wife.  He  settled  upon  his  inherited 
plantation  and  immediately  began  to  improve  and 
cultivate  it.  He  built  a  new  two-story  frame  dwel 
ling-house,  the  same  which  forms  the  central  part  of 
the  present  mansion,  and  named  his  estate  "  Mount 
Vernon  "  in  honor  of  his  old  commander,  Admiral 
Vernon.  Lawrence  had  received  a  collegiate  educa 
tion,  had  traveled  and  mixed  a  good  deal  with  the 
prominent  business  men  of  Great  Britain  and  the 
Colonies.  He  was  with  his  brother  Augustin  among 
the  originators  of  "  the  Ohio  Company,"  the  purpose 
of  which  was  to  bring  the  lands  about  the  head-waters 
of  the  Ohio  into  market  and  to  trade  with  the  Indi 
ans,  and  at  the  time  of  his  death  was  its  president. 


Barbadoes  Journal.  45 

He  also  interested  himself  in  the  manufacture  of 
iron,  both  in  Virginia  and  Maryland;  was  com 
missioned  a  Major  in  the  military  service  of  the 
Colony  with  a  salary  of  ^150  per  annum;  and 
elected  a  member  of  the  House  of  Burgesses  of  Vir 
ginia  in  1748,  from  Fairfax  county.  He  was  a  man 
of  excellent  business  habits,  sound  judgment,  untir 
ing  industry  and  attention  to  his  duty.  Lawrence 
Washington  while  a  member  of  the  House  of  Bur 
gesses  was  influential  in  having  charters  granted  for 
the  towns  of  Alexandria  and  of  Colchester,  in  Fairfax 
county.  He,  together  with  Lord  Fairfax,  George 
Mason,  William  Fairfax,  William  Ramsay,  John  Car- 
lyle  and  others,  was  named  trustee  for  laying  out  the 
town  of  Alexandria  and  selling  the  lots  ;  his  portrait 
in  oil  hangs  in  the  mansion  at  Mount  Vernon,  and 
his  remains  now  rest  in  the  vault  in  the  rear  of  those 
of  his  illustrious  half-brother,  George  Washington. 
He  was  always  of  a  delicate  constitution,  but  never 
theless  by  prudence  and  close  attention  to  his  various 
interests,  his  business  prospered  and  he  was  rapidly 
becoming  wealthy  and  a  recognized  leader  in  the 
chief  enterprises  of  his  day  in  the  Colony  of  Virginia. 
He  was  greatly  attached  to  his  half-brother,  George, 
whom  he  had  with  him  whenever  it  was  practicable, 
and  he  was  influential  in  bringing  him  early  to  the 
notice  of  Lord  Fairfax,  of  the  Governor  of  Virginia, 
and  of  other  prominent  and  official  personages  of  the 
times.  He  was  to  George  as  a  father  and  a  wise 
counsellor.  Major  Lawrence,  from  failing  health  in 
1751,  resigned  his  commission  in  the  military  service 
of  the  Colony,  and,  at  his  instance,  George  was  com 
missioned  one  of  the  Adjutants-General  under  new 
law,  with  the  rank  of  Major,  and  the  pay  of  ^150  a 
year.  Lawrence  had  four  children  born  to  him,  but 


46  Majr.   Go.  Washington's 

they  all  died  in  infancy;  the  youngest,  Sarah,  sur 
vived  him  some  months.  To  this  child  he  had  de 
vised  his  Mount  Vernon  estate  if  she  outlived  him, 
but  in  the  event  of  her  death  without  issue,  then  it 
was  to  go  to  "  his  beloved  brother  George,"  who  was 
made  one  of  his  executors.  He  also  provided  well 
for  his  widow,  who  subsequently  married  George  Lee, 
brother  to  the  father  of  Arthur  and  Richard  Henry 
Lee,  patriots  of  the  Revolution. 

Tuesday  6th 

At  Mr.  Carter's  employing  ourselves  in  Writg  Let 
ters,  to  be  carried  by  the  Chooner15  Fredericksburg ; 
Captn  Robinson  to  Virginia.  Receiv'd  a  Card  from 
Majr  Clarke  wherein  our  companys  were  desir'd  to 
Dinner  to  morrow  &  myself  an  invitation  from  Mrs. 
Clarke  &  Miss  Robts  to  come  &  and  see  the  serpts 
fir'd16  bring  guns  &  I  had  the  pleasure  of  seeing 
Mrs.  Clarke. 

15  It  is  probable  that  this  was  the  same  schooner  that 
brought  them  out  from  Virginia,  which  having  dis 
charged  its  cargo,  and  taken  in  another,  was  to  return 
thus  promptly.  At  that  time  Bridgetown  had  no  wharf 
at  which  a  ship  could  lie  and  transfer  its  cargo.  All 
freight  had  therefore  to  be  sent  to  and  taken  from 
vessels  on  lighters,  as  ships  lay  at  anchor  in  the  bay. 

16 Serpents  fired:  —  this  refers  to  a  custom  of  cele 
brating  what  is  known  in  history  as  the  "  gun-powder 
plot."  The  commemoration  is  made  in  Barbadoes  a 
season  of  prolonged  festivities  often  lasting  from  the 
ist  to  the  Qth  of  November.  The  home-made  squibs 


Barbadoes  Journal.  47 

used  on  the  Island  are  in  local  parlance  called  "  ser 
pents."  They  are  often  fired  from  guns.  They  go 
off  with  a  fiz  and  a  shower  of  sparks.  Their  compo 
sition  of  sulphur,  gunpowder,  nitre,  charcoal  and  iron 
filings  will  indicate  their  character. 


ay  7th. 


Dined  at  Majr.  Clarkes  ;  and  by  him  was  intro 
duced  to  the  Surveyor  Gen117  &  Judges,  Finley  & 
Racket  ;18  who  likewise  din'd  there :  in  the  Evening 
they  complaisantly  accompanied  us  in  another  excur 
sion  in  the  Country  to  choose  such  lodgings  as  most 
suited ;  we  pitched  on  the  house  of  Captn.  Croftan 
commander  of  James  Fort ;  he  was  desir'd  to  come 
to  Town  next  day  to  propose  his  terms.  We  re- 
turn'd  by  way  of  Needham's  fort19  &  was  introduced 

to   ye  Captn.   thereof,  a   Genteel   pretty  g   

man.     Sup'd  and  spent  the  Evening  at  Majr  Clarke 
with  the  Gentlemen  before  mentioned 

17  Sir  William  Patterson  was  appointed  Surveyor 
General  of  Barbadoes  in  1749,  an^  'ls  probably  the 
person  referred  to.    [MSS.  Council  Records  of  Barba 
does^ 

18  Possibly  Judge  Nathaniel  Haggett  who  was  Chief 
Justice  about  1751,  and  owned  an  estate  on  the  Island. 

19  Needham's  Fort  is  situated  on  the  southern  point 
of  the   entrance  to  Carlisle  bay.     The  opposite  or 
northern  point  to  the  entrance  of  the  harbor  is  occu 
pied  by  James   Fort.     At  the  time  of  Washington's 
visit  to  Barbadoes,  the  fortifications  on   the  Island 


48  Majr.   Go.  Washington's 

were  numerous  and  strong,  and  greatly  interested  the 
young  Major.  The  Castle  of  St.  Ann,  in  close  prox 
imity  to  Needham's  Fort,  was  the  chief  depot  of 
military  supplies  and  place  of  rendezvous  for  the 
forces  on  the  Island.  Needham's  Point  is  now  the 
location  of  the  Harbor-master's  (or  commercial)  Sig 
nal  Station,  from  which  the  advent  of  vessels  is  seen 
and  signaled  to  town  several  hours  before  they  come 
in  view  from  the  dock. 

Thursday  8th 

Came  Captn  Croftan  with  his  proposals  which  tho 
extravagantly  dear  my  Brother  was  oblig'd  to  give 
£15  pr  Month  is  his  charge  exclusive  of  Liquors  & 
washing  which  we  find,  in  the  Evening  we  remov'd 
some  of  our  things  up  and  and  ourselves  its  very 

pleasantly  situated  pretty the   Sea  and  abr  a 

Mile  from  Town20  the  prospect  is  extensive  by  Land 
and  pleasant  by  Sea  as  we  command  the  prospect 
of  Carlyle  Bay21  &  all  the  shipping  in  such  manner 
that  none  can  go  in  or  out  with  out  being  open  to 
our  view 

20  Bridgetown,  the  capital  of  the  Province,  as  it  is  of 
Barbadoes,  as  the  Windward  Islands  are  sometimes 
called,  is  situated  on  the  head  and  along  the  north 
side  of  the  Bay  of  Carlisle  on  the  west  side  of  the 
island  near  its  southern  extremity.  The  Bishop  of 
the  English  church  for  Barbadoes  has  his  official  resi 
dence  here,  and  the  city  is  included  within  St.  Mich 
ael's  Parish.  The  town  was,  in  early  times,  often 
called  St.  Michael's,  because  of  St.  Michael's  Church 


Barbrdoes  Journal.  49 

being  here,  and  is  so  named  on  some  of  the  early 
maps.  The  name  Bridge-town,  however,  was  de 
rived  from  the  fact  of  a  long  bridge  having  been 
erected  over  "Indian  river  "  to  accommodate  gen 
eral  travel,  and  to  reach  the  church,  and  was  so  no 
table  a  structure  as  to  impress  itself  on  the  public 
mind,  so  that  the  town  which  gradually  grew  up  there 
was  called  Bridgetown.  It  was  also  called  "  Indian 
Bridge  "  in  consideration  of  the  name  of  the  river. 
There  were  about  1,200  houses  of  stone  and  brick,  in 
1750.  [See  Hughes,  p.  6.]  The  long  bridge  has  dis 
appeared.  The  "  river,"  a  mere  creek  of  fifteen  yards 
wide,  is  spanned  by  two  or  three  short  stone  arches. 
At  its  mouth  a  short  break-water  is  built  into  the  bay, 
affording  a  safe  careenage  for  repairing  small  vessels. 
21  Carlisle  bay  is  on  the  west  coast  of  the  Island  of 
Barbadees,  and  is  an  open  roadstead  easily  entered, 
but  exposed  to  the  winds  from  the  south  and  west. 
It  gets  its  name  because  of  the  royal  gift  of  the 
Island  of  Barbadoes  to  the  Earl  of  Carlisle,  in  1625. 

Fryday  9th 

We  receiv'd  a  Card  from  Majr  Clarke  inviting 
us  to  dine  with  him  at  Judge  Maynards  on  the  Morrow 
he  had  a  right  to  ask  being  a  Member  of  the  Club 
call'd  the  Beefstake  &  tripe  instituted  by  himself.  .  . 

the  Judges  Maynard23 Rob1-  Warren   Esqr*  & 

Captn-  Petrie24  (the  Commander  of  Needhams  Fort) 
We  were  Genteely  receiv'd  by  Judge  Satus  Maynard 
&  Lady  and  agreeably  entertain'd  by  the  Company 
they  have  a  meeting  every  Saturday  this  being  Col°- 
7 


50  Majr.    Go.   Washingtoris 

Maynards  After  Dinner  was  the  greatest  Collection 
of  Fruits  I  have  yet  seen  set  on  the  Table  there  was 
the  Granadella  the  Sappadilla  Pomgranate  Sweet 
Orange  Water  Lemrnon  forbidden  Fruit  apples 
Guavas  &ca  &ca  &ca-25  We  received  invitations  from 

every  Gentleman  there  &  one ge  Jenkin's36  who 

also  was  there  there  tho  not  one  of  their  Membrs  Mr- 
Warren  desir'd  Majr  Clarke  to  shew  us  the  way  to 
his  house  ;  Mr>  Hack*  insisted  on  our  coming  Satur 
day  next  to  his  being  his  Day  to  treat  with  Beef 
Stake  &  tripe  but  above  all  the  invitation  of  Mr- 
Maynard  was  the  most  kind  and  friendly  he  desir'd 
and  even  insisted  as  well  as  his  Lady  on  our  coming 
to  spend  some  Weeks  with  him  and  promis'd  nothing 
should  be  wanting  to  render  our  stay  agreeable  my 
Bn  promis'd  he  wou'd  as  soon  as  he  was  a  Little 

disengag'd  from  the  Drs-    We  return'd  and  by 

was  invited  to  Dine  at Clarke's  the  next  Day 

by  himself. 

33  At  this  point  an  entire  leaf  is  missing  from  the 
Journal,  containing,  evidently,  the  concluding  lines  of 
Friday's  record  and  the  opening  ones  of  Saturday's. 

23  Hon.  William  Maynard  was  a  member  of  the 
"Governor's  Council  and  a  Judge  1749,  and  Chief 
Judge  of  his  Majesty's  Court  of  Common  Pleas  for 
the  parish  of  St.  Andrew  from  1752  to  1755.  There 
was  also  a  John  and  Jonas  Maynard  practicing  attor 
neys  at  Bridgetown.  \_MSS.  Records,  Col.  Secy  Office.^ 


Barbadoes  Journal.  5 1 

24  The  MSS.  Records  of  Barbadoes  of  June  9,  1 753, 
show  that  George  John  Petrie,  Esq.,  gentleman  gave 
a  power  of   attorney  to  Jonas   and  John  Maynard 
on  leaving  the  Island  for  Great  Britain.      He  prob 
ably  died  shortly  after,  as   Anne   Petrie,  widow   of 
Mr.  Petrie,  and  formerly  Anne  Carter,  mentioned  in 
a  power  of  attorney     that  he  died  at  Kensington, 
in   the  county  of    Middlesex,   England,   Dec.,   1753. 
There  was  a  Capt.   Petrie  of  the  British  army  serv 
ing  in  New  England  under  General  Shirley  in  1756. 

25  All  of  the  fruits  named,  and  more,  are  still  raised 
in  great  quantities  and  shipped  from  Barbadoes  to 
Great  Britain  and  to  the  United  States. 

26  There    were    more    than    one    family    of    the 
Jenkins  on  the    island.     Edward  was  Colonel  of  a 
regiment  in  1749,  presumably  militia,  and  a  William 
gave  a  power  of  attorney  to  Edmund  Jenkins  and 
Thomas  Stevenson,    7th  April,    1752,  and  describes 
himself  as  of  the  Island  of  Jamaica,  late  of  Barbadoes. 
\_MSS.  Records,  Col.  SeJy  Office^ 

Sunday  nth 

Dressed  in  order  for  Church  but  got  to  town  two 
Late  dined  at  Majr  Clarkes  with  ye  S;  G:  went  to 
Evening  Service27  and  return'd  to  our  Lodgings. 

27  Washington,  from  his  youth  to  the  close  of  life, 
was  a  conscientious  observer  of  the  "  Lord's  Day," 
and  considered  it  a  duty,  when  at  all  practicable,  to 
attend  divine  service  on  that  day. 

Munday  12th 

Receiv'd  an  afternoon  Visit  from  Captn  Petrie  and 
an  invitation  to  dine  with  him  the  next  Day. 


52  Majr.   Go.  Washington! s 


Dined  at  the  Fort  with  some  Ladys  its  pretty 
strongly  fortifyed  and  mounts  about  36  Gunes  within 
the  fortifi"  but  2  facine  Batterys  me  5 1 

Wednesday  14th 
At  our  Lodgings 

Thursday  15 

Was  treated  with  a  play  ticket  by  MT  Carter  to  see 
the  Tragedy  of  George  Barnwell  acted28:  the  charac 
ter  of  Barnwell  and  several  others  was  said  to  be 
well  perform'd  there  was  Musick  a  Dapted  and  regu 
larly  conducted  by  Mf 

38  It  is  probable  that  this  was  the  first  theatrical  ex 
hibition  ever  attended  by  Washington.  He  was 
fond  of  the  drama,  and  usually  attended  whenever  he 
was  in  cities  where  good  plays  and  actors  were  to  be 
seen.  Strange  as  it  may  appear,  no  theater  or  other 
hall  of  note  for  public  amusements  exists  at  this  day 
in  Bridgetown.  I  have  been  unable  to  learn  in  what 
building  the  exhibition  attended  by  Washington  was 
held. 

Fryday  i6th 

Mr  Graeme  la29 of  the  Master's  of  the  College 

of  Virginia  paid  us  a  Mornings  Visit  and  invited  us  to 
dine  with  Judge  Graeme  his  Br  on  Sunday :  din'd  this 
Day  at  Majr  Clarke's 


Bar  dadoes  Journal.  53 

29  Graeme  was  one  of  the  early  families  influential 
on  the  Island.  Among  the  monuments  of  Christ 
Church  is  to  be  found  the  following  inscription  : 
"  Here  lyeth  enterrd  the  body  of  Samuel  Graem,  who 
departed  this  life  the  28th  July  1728  aged  n  years." 
Hon.  George  was  a  member  of  the  "General  As- 
semmbly,"  the  elective  body  of  the  Barbadoes  gov 
ernment,  from  1 746  to  1 749,  and  probably  later,  the 
records,  however,  from  1749  to  1753  are  missing,  but 
his  name  appears  in  the  appointments  made  by  Gov. 
Sir  H.  Grenville,  1749,  as  "  Quand0  Judge."  A  John 
Graem  was  a  Master  in  Chancery  in  1749.  [JffSS. 
Council  Records,  Barbadoes.^ 

Saturday  ifh 

Was  strongly  attacked  with  the  small  Pox:30  sent 
for  D*  Lanahan  whose  attendance  was  very  constant 
till  my  recovery,  and  going  out  which  was  not  'till 
thursday  the  12th  of  December. 

80  Blessings  sometimes  come  in  disguise.  The  im 
munity  purchased  by  this  sickness  from  a  future  at 
tack  of  this  dreaded  disease,  doubtless  gave  him  con 
fidence  in  assuming  the  responsible  military  duties 
which  his  country  imposed  upon  him  in  after  years, 
and  was  not,  therefore,  to  him  an  unmixed  evil. 

December  12th 

Went  to  Town  visited  Majy  Clarke's  Family  (who 
kindly  visited  me  in  my  illness  and  contributed  all 
they  cou'd  in  sendff  me  the  necessary's  required  in  y° 
disorder)  and  dined  with  Majr  Gaskens  a  half  Br  to 


54  Majr.   Go.  Washington's 

Mrf  Clarke:  On  Munday  last  began  the  Grand  ses 
sions  and  this  Day  brought  on  the  Tryal  of  Col° 
Chaunack31  a  Man  of  oppulent  fortune  and  infamous 
Character  he  was  indicted  for  commiting  a  Rape  on 
his  servant  Maid  and  was  brought  in  Guiltless  and 

sav'd  by  one  single  Evidence  on 

was  generally  reckone 

suborn'd 

31  Probably  intended  for  Charnock,  as  there  was 
a  plantation  the  property,  at  this  period,  of  a  man  of 
that  name.  However,  no  record  of  court  cases  of 
the  time  mentioned  could  be  found.  In  explanation 
of  this,  it  is  proper  to  state  that  the  destructive  hurri 
cane  in  1780,  blew  down  the  House  of  Records,  and 
nearly  destroyed  Bridgetown  and  every  thing  in  it. 

Fryday  i3th 

Spent  at  our  Lodging 

Saturday  14th 

My  B^  dined  at  Needham's  myself  at  Maj  Clarkes 
Sunday  15th  Dined  with  Judge  Graeme  after  return 
ing  from  Christ  Church 

Munday  i6th 

Dined  at  Needham  Fort  with  Captn  Petrie 


Barbadoes  Journal.  55 

1 6th 

Dined  at  Majr  Clarke  with  comodore  Hobourn 
Govern1"  Pursel  Gr  of  Totola  General  Barrack  & 
many  others 

Wednesday  i;th 

Dined  with  Mess"  Stephenson's  Merchte 

Thursday  18 

Provided  my  Sea  Store  &  dined  with  IVP  Carter 

Fryday  iQth 

Got  my  Clothes  Store  &c  on  board  the  Industry 
Captn  John  Saunders  for  Virginia. 

Saturday  21s* 

At  my  Lodgings my  Brother  — 

Sunday  22d 

Took  my  Leave32  of  my  By  Majy  Clarke  &ca  & 

Imbar in  the  Industry  Captn  John  Saund 

for  Virginia  wai'd  anchor  and  got  out  of  Carlile  Bay 
ab'  12. 


32 


A  residence  of  six  weeks  in  Barbadoes  brought  no 
relief  to  the  sufferings  of  Major  Lawrence  Washing 
ton,  nor  did  the  plan  of  his  physicians  hold  out  much 
promise  of  any.  Indeed  it  was  daily  becoming  more 
evident  to  him  that  if  he  were  to  be  benefited  it  could 
only  be  after  a  protracted  residence  in  this,  or  some 


56  Majr.   Go.   Washingtons 

other  mild  climate.  Bermuda  was  suggested  as  pos 
sessing  for  him  greater  advantages.  His  physician 
discouraged  his  returning  to  Virginia  for,  at  least,  a 
year.  He  was  becoming  despondent  and  fretted  un 
der  his  separation  from  his  wife.  After  mature  de 
liberation,  it  was  agreed  between  the  brothers  that 
George  should  return  home  and  that  Lawrence  in  a 
short  time,  would  try  Bermuda  and  write  from  there 
an  account  of  his  condition.  If  there  were  any  im 
provement,  George  was  to  return  with  Lawrence's 
wife,  if  her  friends  approved  of  such  a  course.  The 
fact  was  that  his  pulmonary  disease  was  progressing 
unfavorably,  although  he  still  clung  to  the  hope  of 
getting  well.  He  wrote  to  a  friend  in  Virginia  on 
the  6th  of  April,  1752,  from  Bermuda,  where  he  had 
gone  in  March,  that  "  I  have  now  got  to  my  last 
refuge,  where  I  must  receive  my  final  sentence,  which 
at  present  Dr.  Forbes  will  not  pronounce/'  In  an 
other  part  of  the  letter  he  says:  "As  my  endeavor  to 
overcome  this  cruel  disorder  has  already  cost  me 
much  money  and  fatigue,  I  should  unwillingly  give 
over  the  pursuit  whilst  any  just  foundation  for  hope 
remains.  Six  weeks  will  determine  me  what  to  re 
solve  on.  Forbes  advises  the  south  of  France,  or 
else  Barbadoes." 

In  the  same  letter  he  expresses  a  strong  wish  for 
his  wife  to  come  to  him,  as  he  felt  he  should  have  to 
remain  away  for,  at  least,  a  year.  He  soon  wrote 
again:  "The  unhappy  state  of  health  which  I  labor 
under,  makes  me  uncertain  as  to  my  return.  If  I 
grow  worse,  I  shall  hurry  home  to  my  grave  ;  if  bet 
ter,  I  shall  be  induced  to  stay  longer  here  to  com 
plete  a  cure."  All  his  hopes  were  fallacious.  In 
despair,  he  returned  home  in  time  to  receive  the  kind 
ministrations  of  his  wife  and  his  devoted  friends  and 


Barbadoes  Journal.  57 

died  in  his  own  house  at  Mount  Vernon,  26th  July, 
1752.  His  remains  were  interred  in  a  vault  which 
had  been  built  by  his  direction ;  the  same  one  in 
which  his  devoted  and  illustrious  brother  was  en 
tombed  nearly  half  a  century  later. 

•^ '  •,  r* 

The  Governer33  of  Barbado's  seems  to  keep  a  proper 
State:  Lives  very  retired  arid  at  Little  expence  it  is 
said  he  is  a  Gentleman  of  good  Sence  As  he  avoids 
the  Errors  of  his  predecessor34  he  gives  no  handle 
for  complaint  but  at  the  same  time  by  declining  much 
familiarity  is  not  over  zealously  beloved  and  being 
deprived  of  power  to ours  meet  with &ca. 

33  Hon.    Henry    Grenville    was    Governor   of   the 
Island  of  Barbadoes  from  1 747  to  1 753.      He  was  the 
brother-in-law  of  Lord  Temple.      Having   adminis 
tered  the  government  of  the  Island  for  six  years,  with 
great  satisfaction  to  the  inhabitants,  he  resigned  and 
returned  to  England.     As  an    appreciative   compli 
ment,  the  citizens  erected  a  marble   statue  to  him  in 
the  town  hall,  which  was,  unfortunately,  destroyed  in 
the  hurricane  of  1780.     Schomburgk  in  his  history  of 
Barbadoes,  p.  328,  speaks  of  the  Governor  as  follows: 
"  In  his  personal  bearing  he   has  been  described  as 
pompous  and  haughty,  it  is  however  acknowledged 
that  he  discharged  his  duties  with  strict  rectitude  and 
regardless  of  personal  connections  and  the  solicita 
tions  of  private  friendship." 

34  Sir  Thomas  Robinson  was  Governor  of  Barba 
does  from   1742  to  1747.     He  was  a  man  of  culture 
and  high  character  and  in  many  respects,  a  capable 
officer;  yet  his  arbitrary  conduct  and  his    repeated 

8 


5  ^  Majr.    Go.    Washingtoris 

encroachments  upon  the  established  privileges  of  the 
Assembly,  gave  such  offense,  that  he  was  recalled 
from  office,  though  he  continued  to  reside  with  his 
family  upon  the  island  as  a  private  gentleman,  and 
extended  to  visitors  and  his  friends,  a  liberal  hospi 
tality. 

There  is  several  regular  Risings  in  this  Island  one 
above  another  so  that  scarcely  any  part  is  deprived 
of  a  beautiful  Prospect  both  of  sea  &  Land  and  what 
is  contrary  to  the  observation  on  other  Countrys  is 
that  each  Rising  is  better  than  the  other  below 

There  are  many  delicious  Fruits  in  this  but  as 
they  are  particularly  describ'd  by  the  Revd  Mr  Hughs 
in  his  Natural  histy  of  the  Island  shall  say  nothing 
further  than  that  the  Pine  Apple  China  Orange 
is  good  the  Avagado  pair  is  generally  most  admired 
tho  none  pleases  my  taste  as  do's  the  Pine 

The  Earth  in  most  parts  is  extremely  rich  &  as 

black  as  our  richest  Marsh  M common  produce 

of  ea Canes  is  from  40  to  70  polls  of  Sugar  each 

poll  valued  at  2O/  out  of  which  a  third  is  deduced 
for  expences  unless  Rum  sells  for  2/  and  upwards  pr 
Gallon  then  it  is  though  the  Sugar  is  near  clear. 
There  was  many  Acres  last  Year  that  turn'd  out 
from  140  to  170  L  as  I  was  inform'd  by  credible 
authy  tho  that  was  in  Ginger  &  a  very  extra 
ordinary  Year  for  the  Sail  thereof  How  wonderful 


Barbadoes  Journal.  59 

such  people  shou'd  be  in  debt!  &  not  be  able  to  in 
dulge  themselves  in  all  the  Luxurys  as  well  as  ne- 
cessarys  of  Life  Yet  so  it  happens  Estates  are  often 

alienated  for  debts35  indu 

ing  an  Interest  of  Eight 

rat  Cancer  in  an  Estate 

bought  at  a  full  Value  on  Interest 

but  how  persons  coming  to  Estates  of  two,  three,  and 
four  hundd  Acres  (which  are  the  largest)  can  want  is 
most  wonderful  to  me  \  of  their  Land  or  nearly  gen 
erally  is  in  Canes  for  Harvest  the  rest  is  in  young 
Cane  gunia  Corn36  (which  greatly  supports  their  Ne- 
gros)  Yams  plantens  Potatos  &  rice  and  some  small 
part  left  waste  for  Stock.  Their  dung  they  are  very 
careful  in  saving,  &  curious  in  makg  which  they  do 
by  througing  up  large  heaps  of  Earth  and  a  number 
of  Stakes  drove  there  in  Sufficient  for  Sixteen  head 
of  Cattle  to  Stand  seperately  tied  too  which  they  are 
three  Months  together  trampl*  all  the  trash  &ca>  than 
......  and  then  its  fit  to  manu Ground.  Pro 
visions  in  Gen1  are  very  indeferent  but  much  better 
than  the  same  quantity  of  pasturage  wou'd  afford 
in  Virginia  The  very  grass  that  grows  amongst 
their  corn  is  not  Lost  but  carefully  gather'd  for  prov 
ender  for  their  Stoc 


60  Majr.    Go.   Washington's 

35  Washington's  wonder  that  such  a  people  should 
ever  be  in  debt  may  well  be  echoed  now.     The  aver 
age  gross  yield  of  sugar  is  about  $150  to  the  acre  per 
year.     The  crop  takes  seventeen  months  to  mature. 
The  price  of  a  man's  labor  is  about  30  cents  per  day, 
and  of   a  woman's,   about    half   that.     Slave    labor, 
properly  maintained,  probably  cost  that  much;  and 
as  sugar  was  worth  more  in  those  days  than  these, 
the  planters  were  much  richer.     A  common  estate  is 
300  acres,  and  would  then  net  about  thirty-five  thou 
sand  dollars  a  year;  so  that  William  Pitt's  "  caring 
more  for  sugar  islands  than  for  the  honor  of  Eng 
land,"  with  which  Burke  so  often  twitted  him,  is  easily 
explained  when  we  consider  the  straits  to  which  the 
English   exchequer  was  reduced  at  that  time.     At 
present,  1890,  out  of  499  estates  on  the  island,  120 
are  in  chancery;  probably  on  account  of  thriftlessness, 
as  the  soil  is  still  rich,  supporting   noo  souls  to  the 
square  mile,  and  the  growing  season  is  continuous 
the  year  through. 

36  Guinea  corn   belongs  to  the  genus  of  grasses, 
sorgum  vulgare,  or  sorgum  sacharatum  allied  to  the 
sugar  cane.      In  Barbadoes  it  was  and  is  still  grown 
almost  entirely  for  forage  and  fed,  while  in  its  green 
state,  to  horses  and  other  cattle.     At  times,  portions 
of  the  grain  is  collected  as  an  article  of  food  for  the 
poor.     Of  late  years,  a  variety  of  this  plant  has  been 
extensively  cultivated  in  the  United  States  as  a  sugar- 
producing  plant. 

Hospitality  and  a  Genteel  behav is  shewn 

to  every  gentelman  stranger  by  the  gentleman  Inhab 

Taverns  they  have  none  but  in  their  Towns 

so  that  Travellers  is  oblig'd  to  go  to  private  houses 


Barbadoes  Journal.  61 

however  the  Island  being  but  ab*  22  Miles  in  length 

&  14  in  width  preven their  being  much  infested 

with  ym  37 

37  Washington's  observations  on  the  generous  hos 
pitality  of  the  Barbadoes,  we  are  assured,  is  as  true 
of  them  to-day,  as  it  was  when  this  journal  was 
written. 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  names  of  persons 
whom  Washington  met  in  Barbadoes  and  mentions 
in  his  diary.  As  will  be  seen  in  another  note  a  num 
ber  of  them  were  planters  and  owners  of  estates. 

Barrack.  Genl.,  Carter.  Mr.,  Chaunack.  Col.,  Clarke. 
Maj.,  Clarke.  Mrs.  Maj.,  Croftan.  Capt,  Finley. 
Judge,  Gaskins.  Mr.,  Grenville.  Gov.  Henry, 
Graeme.  Judge,  Graeme.  Prof.,  Hackett.  Mr.,  Dr., 
Hillary.  Hobourne.  Commodore,  Hughes.  Rev. 
Griffith,  Jenkins.  Mr.,  Lanahan.  Mr.,  Leary.  Judge, 
Maynard  and  Leary.  Messrs.,  Maynard.  Col.,  Petrie. 
Capt,  Pursel.  Gov.  of  Tortolo,  Roberts.  Miss,  Rob 
inson,  Capt,  Saunders.  Capt.  John,  Stephenson. 
Messrs.  Merchants,  Warren.  Robert, 

The  Ladys  Generally  are  very  agreeable  but  by  ill 

custom  or  w'- affect  the  Negro  style 

Ithiness  of  this  Island  suffi 
ciently  shwon  in  the  florid  countenances  of  the 
Country  Gentle11  and  its  said  they  live  to  great  ages 
where  they  are  not  intemperate  they  are  however 
very  unhappy  in  regard  to  there  Officers  Fees38 
which  are  not  fixed  by  any  Law  they  complain  par 
ticularly  of  the  Provost  Marshall  or  Shiref  Gen1  of 


62  Majr.   Go.   Washingtoris 

the  Island  Patented  at  Home  and  rented  at  800  £  pr 
ann  Sterff  every  other  officer  is  exorbitant  in  demand 
ing. There  are  few  who  may  be  called  midling 

people  they  are  either  very  rich  or  very  poor  for  by 
a  Law  of  the  Island  Every  Gentn  is  oblig'd  to  keep 
a  white  person  for  every  ten  Acres  capable  of  acting 
in  the  Malitia  and  consequently  those  persons  so 
kept  cant  but  very  poor  The  number  of Bar 
bados39  is  computed Thousand  (which  is  more 

than  is  in  Jamaica  &  all  the  other  Leeward  Islands) 
they  are  well  disciplin'd  &  appointed  to  their  several 
Stations  so  that  upon  an  allarm  every  Man  is  at  his 

post  in  less  than  two   Hou They  have  large 

Intrenchments  cast  up  wherever  its  possible  for  an 
Enemy  to  Land  and  may  not  (as  nature  has  greatly 
assisted)  improperly  be  said  to  be  one  intire  forti 
fication40 

38  Some  of  the  fees  exacted  in  Barbadoes,  and  the 
salaries  paid  to  public  officers,  are  still  complained  of, 
after  a  hundred  and  forty  years  of  experience  in  gov 
ernment,  as  excessive  and  unnecessarily  oppressive. 

39  Burke,  in  his  European  settlements  in  America, 
says  of  the  Island  of  Barbadoes,  vol.  II,  83,  "In  1650 
it  contained  upwards  of  fifty  thousand  whites  of  all 
sexes  and  ages,  and  a  much  greater  number  of  blacks 
and  Indian  slaves."     This  was  possibly  an  overesti 
mate.     At  that  time  less  than  half  the  land  was  under 
cultivation,    and    supported   a   population    of    over 
100,000.     The  soil  and  climate  was  so  favorable  that 


Barbadoes  Journal.  63 

planters  made  great  profits.  Population  increased, 
but  chiefly  among  the  blacks,  and  the  Island  became 
very  wealthy.  The  author  just  quoted,  says  vol. 
II,  p.  85,  published  1757,  "At  this  day  it  contains 
twenty  five  thousand  whites,  very  near  80,000  negroes, 
and  ships  above  25,000  hogsheads  of  sugar." 

Slavery  was  abolished  in  Barbadoes  in  1834.  Pop 
ulation  has  slightly  increased  since.  The  census  of 
1844  gave  the  total  population  122,198.  [See  Schom- 
burgk,  p.  86.]  The  same  authority  shows  that  the 
population  is  more  dense  on  this  Island  than  in  almost 
any  other  country.  Taking  the  whole  area  of  the 
Island,  there  are  734-8  individuals  to  the  square  mile, 
though  parts  are  more  dense  than  others.  The 
population  in  1885  was  given  as  171,607,  of  whom 
but  16,054  were  white. 

40  The  following  list  of  forts  is  compiled  from  the 
map  accompaning  the  Rev.  Griffith  Hughes'  "  Nat 
ural  History  of  Barbadoes,"  published  in  1750.  The 
list  does  not  include  redoubts,  batteries,  and  the  les 
ser  fortifications  not  generally  garrisoned.  But  few 
of  these  now  exist,  although  the  location  can  readily 
be  identified :  Charles  Fort,  W.  Side,  Churches 
Point  Fort,  W.  Side,  Clarendon  Fort,  W.  Side,  Co 
conut  Fort,  W.  Side,  Denmark  Fort,  W.  Side,  Fonta- 
belle  Fort  and  River,  W.  Side  Island,  Half  Moon 
Fort,  W.  Side,  Halles  Fort,  W.  Side  Island,  Hay- 
wood's  Fort,  W.  Side,  Hole  Town  Fort,  W.  Side, 
Hooper's  Fort,  near  South  End,  James  Fort,  North 
Cape  of  Carlo  Bay,  Line  Fort,  in  Carlisle  Bay,  Mar 
garet's  Fort,  W.  Side,  Maxwell's  Fort,  on  South  End, 
Maycock's  Fort,  N.  W.  Cor.  of  Island,  Needham's 
Fort,  W.  Side,  Oistins  Fort,  near  South  End,  Orange 
Fort,  W.  Side,  Ormands  Fort,  in  Carlin  Bay,  Queen's 
Fort,  W.  Side,  Randall's  Point  and  Fort,  near  South 


64  Majr.    Go.   Washington' s 

End,  Rupert's  Fort,  W.  Side,  St.  Ann's  Castle,  on 
South  Point  of  C.  B.,  Sandiford  Fort,  W.  Side,  Six 
Men  Fort,  W.  Side,  Sunderland  Fort,  W.  Side,  Val 
iant  Royalist  Fort,  W.  Side,  Willoughby  Fort,  on 
South  Cape  Carlisle  Bay,  Yatcht  Fort,  W.  Side 
Island. 

41 

3d 

Met  with  a  brisk  Trade  Wind  and  pretty  large 
Swell  wch  made  the  Ship  rowl  much  and  me  very  sick 
at  2  P:  M:  Espy'd  a  Sail  In  the  Latitude  of  Marti 
neca  bearing  down  for  the  Island 

41  At  this  point  in  the  Journal  several  leaves  are 
missing.  Washington's  love  of  agriculture,  his  genius 
for  military  affairs,  and  his  knowledge  of  the  govern 
ment  of  the  island  are,  however,  well  portrayed  in 
the  preceding  pages,  and  of  interest  even  at  this  day. 

Tuesday  24th 

A  Fresh  gale  (or  what  in  this  part  of  the  World  is 
called  a  fiery  Breeze)  hurried  us  pass  the  Leeward 
Islands  so  the  Capt"    altered  his  course  from  N°  to 
N  W  61* 
Wednesday  25* 

Christmas  Day  fine  clear  and  pleasant  with  mod 
erate  Sea  tho  continuance  of  the  Trade  which  by  ob 
servation  had  set  us  in  the  Latitude  of  i8°-3C/  We 

dined  on  a 

Irish  goose42  which  had  be «  . . . . 


Barbadoes  Journal.  65 

for  the  purpose  some  Weeks  Beef  &ca  &ca  and  drank 
a  health  to  our  absent  friends 

43  It  is  presumed  the  common,  domestic  goose  is 
here  referred  to.  At  the  time  this  Journal  was  writ 
ten,  wild  geese  were  numerous,  almost  common,  along 
all  the  bays  and  tide-water  streams  of  Virginia,  and 
were  killed  in  great  numbers  by  the  planters.  The 
name  "  Irish  goose  "  was  probably  a  local  expression 
used  to  distinguish  the  domestic  from  the  wild  species, 
both  on  the  Island  and  in  Virginia. 

Thursday  26th 

Clear  with  little  or  no  Wind  or  Sea  which  which 
want  of  Air  to  paliate  the  heat  of  the  Sun  made  us 
truely  sensible  of  its  influence  very  permament  and 
troublesome  We  had  this  Day  for  Dinner  very  fine 
Bristol  Tripe  with  &ca 

Friday  2  7th 

Moderate  Winds  &  Sea 

Saturday  28th 

Fresh  gales  from  ye  NE*  with  squals  of  Rain  & 
sudden  change  of  the  Air.  Dined  on  a  fine  Irish 
Ling48  &  Potatos 

43  The  Ling  is  a  sea  fish  of  the  Cod  family.  I  am 
unable  to  explain  why  the  word  Irish  is  prefixed  to 
it,  except  that  the  Ling  was  taken  in  great  numbers 
on  the  Irish  coast,  and  dried  and  marketed  from  there 
to  all  parts  of  the  world.  Hence,  in  a  popular  way, 
called  Irish  Ling. 

9 


66  Ma  jr.    Go.   }¥ashingtoris 

...............  Heavy   Air   with    many  Squals    of 

Rain  the  Wind  wavering1  so  that  the  Vessel  often 

o 

wou'd  not  lay  her  course 

Monday  3Oth 

Clear  Weather,  £  Wind  from  N°  E^  &  Easterly 
blew  very  fresh 

Tuesday  3ist 

Thick  and  heavy  with  wavering  Winds  at  8  P  M 
violent   winds    from    the    Westward    with  excessive 
Rain  which  got  to  the  N°  ab*  12  and  clear'd  which  be 
ing  directly  ahead  &   Mountanous  running  prevent 
ing  carrying  Sail  but  oblig'd  ..................... 

to  under  the  foresail  .......................... 

Wednesday  January  ist-  -  i75i44 

The  Wind  still  continuing  at  N?  tho'  not  so  vio 
lent  we  made  Sail  ab*  12  and  stood  N°WBW  saleing 
as  near  the  Wind  as  we  cou'd  — 


.  Sparks  has  written  "1752"  under  the  date 
Wednesday,  January  ist,  1751,  correcting  an  evident 
slip  of  the  pen. 

Thursday  2d 

The  Sea  greatly  fallen  &  wind  ed  something  aba.  .  . 
tho  still  directly  ahead  which  oblig'd  us  to  keep  the 
course  we  did  the  preceeding  day 


Bar  dadoes  Journal.  67 

Fryday  3 

In  the  Morning  Calm  and  clear  ;  at  noon  the  Wind 

breezed  up  at  S°  and  clouded 

Rain   and  at  8  P   M 

ry  squally  with  some  violent 

storms  of  Wind  which  before  ten  oclock  got  to  N°W* 
and  remain'd  there  the  Night  with  divers  hard  squalls 
of  Wind  &  Rain 

Saturday  4th 

The  Wind  still  at  N°Wfc  directly  ahead  &  Moun- 
tanous  Sea  we  bore  away  NNE  the  whole  day  was 
attended  with  successive  Squals 

Sunday  5th 

Wind  continues  at  N°Wl   tho   much   abated   and 

clear  Wea 

The  Sea  greatly  fallen 

changed  our  course  to 

other  Tack 

Monday  6th 

Last  night  the  Wind  varied  to  the  S°ward  and 
grew  calm  at  6  A  M  freshned  and  had  got  to  West 
we  made  another  tack  and  stood  N0N°W*  this  day 
Warm  &  pleasant 


68  Majr.    Go.   Washingtoris 

Tuesday  7th 

Wind  fresh  &  Wavering  with  some  Squals  & 
rough  Sea 

Wednesday  8th 

About  2k  this  morning  the  Wind  died  away  and  at 

p  at  N°  WJ  and  variable 

e  hard  Squals  of  Wind 

&  rain  by  Observation  were  in   the   Latitude  of  32°- 
30'  ye  Maredn  of  Bermudos 

Thursday  9th 

At  2  A  :  M  came  on  excessive  hard  Wind  at  N° 
W*;  Rain  Lightning  &  some  thunder  the  Wind  in 
creased  so  violently  &  had  raiz'd  so  Mountanous  a 
Sea  that  oblig'd  the  handing  all  her  Sails  &  driving 
with  bear  Masts  which  She  did  untill  4  P:  M:  when 
the  Wind  had  something  Moderated  and  Sea  abated 

and  then  She  was  laid  too  under 

Stay  Sail  —  this  day  h 

me  a  criple  by  the  ships 

Fry day  10^ 

This  Mor 

Wind  was  moderate  tho y 

head   about   8   A:  M:  we  made  sail  and  stood  W*  S° 
W*  upon  searching  my  chest  discover'd  I  had  been 


Barbadoes  Journal.  69 

rob'd  of  1 6  pistoles  at  2  P:  M  the  Wind  had  changed 
to  S°  W'  and  blew  fresh  which  increasing  obliged  us 
to  Hand  all  but  the  foreSail  and  that  cou'd  be  carryed 
no  longer  than  12  when  the  Wind  was  so  Violent  the 

Sea  so  high  with  great  Quantity  of  Rain 

nder  &  Sharp  Light 

i  the  Ship  was  Laid 

Reefed  foreSail 

day  nth 

The  wind  still  as  violent  as  ever  (with  many  hard 
Squals  of  Rain)  Wind  got  somewhat  more  to  the 
Westward  the  Sea  excessively  high  lay  too  all  day 

Sunday  12^ 

The  Wind  as  violent  as  the  preceding  day  with 
Rain  Hail  &  Snow  &  high  &  Mountanous  Sea  from 
W  N  W^  Lay  too  all  the  Last  night  and  this  day 
under  Main  Stay  Sail 

h 

This  day  is  br 

c inferior the  former  f .  .  .  .  , 

hard  Wind  high  Sea  Rain  & 

&c  the  Wind  in  the  Same  Quater  lay  too  is  yester 
day- 


70  Majr.   Go.  Washington  s 

Tuesday  14th 

Last  night  the  Wind  ceased  of  its  violence  &  by  2 
A:M  was  calm  and  continued  so  till  6  when  it  sprung 
up  at  East  &  came  on  Squals  of  Rain,  much  &  very 
Large  hail  with  violent  Thunder  at  8  the  Wind  had 
got  to  ye  W'  of  the  N°  and  blew  a  fret  with  constant 
Rain. 

s  we  carried  Sa 

hile  it  was  at  E .  st 

re  oblig'd  to  Lay  too  under  the  Main 

stay  Sail  both  by  reason  of  the  Winds  being  so  ex 
cessive  high  &  directly  ahead  before  Night  it  was  at 
N°  W*  &  there  remain'd  — 

Wednesday  15th 

This  mornff  the  Wind  was  not  so  violent  as  yester 
day  but  still  at  N°  W*  and  so  hard  as  to  hinder  us 
from  carrying  Sail  the  Day  was  Squally  with  some 

Intermission  of  Sunshine  which 

en  sine 

observatio 

was  got  and  found  ourselv 

in  the  Latitude  of oo' — 

At  2  P:  M:  Espy'd  a  Sail  laying  too  bearing  S°  E^ 
ab'  a  League  dis* 


Barbadoes  Journal.  71 

Thursday  i6th 

Moderate  &  clear  with  ye  Wind  where  it  was  made 
Sail  and  stood  N°  N°  E^  ab<  8  A  M  ye  Vessel  we  saw 
Yesterday  came  up  and  spoke  with  us  She  was  from 
S*.  Cits  45  bound  to  Norfolk  Matthew  Stroud  Corny 
She  was  a  Sloop  call'd  ye  Glasgow  had  from  us 
Candles  Twine  &c 

d  promis 

s  upon  comp 

found  them  to  agree  nea     y  alike 

nd  that  Ca.e  Henry  boar  W  N  W 

abfc  1 20  Leagues  She  had  been  beating  abl  the  Coast 
with  contrary  Winds  14  or  15  days  with  very  rough 
Weather — 

45  By  St.  Cit's  or  St.  Kitts  is  meant  St.  Christopher's 
island.* 

Fryday  i;th 

Wind  still  at  N°.  W1.  we  had  lost  sight  of  the  sloop 
and  abl  6AM  discovered  another  Vessel  which  came 
up  with  us  abfc  10  She  also  was  from  S1.  Christopher's 
a  Billander  &  bound  to  Philidelphia  &  had  been  out 
five  Weeks  ;  and  ten  days  ago 

of  Cape  H 

s  of  Water 

.  iscovers  another  Sai . 


72  Ma  jr.    Go.   Washingtoris 

bearing  N°.  Wl.  abl  2  Leagues 

standg  close  to  Windward  as  She  cou'd  whether  it 
was  ye  Sloop  we  saw  Yesterday  or  not  it  was  too  far 
to  distinguish  —  this  Philiadelphia  Man  proposed 
keeping  Company  and  also  of  going  into  Virginia  if 
he  saw  no  better  prospect  the  two  Captns  mutually 
ags  to  alter  their  Course  at  6  oclock  &  westward 

urday   i 

. . .  .  .  nged  and  g 

ne  on  very  fresh  with ........ 

other  Ship  was  very  sociable  in  keeping  company 
being  seldom  more  than  a  \  Mile  dist  both  steering 
West  as  the  day  advanced  the  Wind  increased  with 
continued  Rain  and  by  10  P  :  M  was  oblig'd  to  hand 
all  our  Sails  and  lay  too  under  a  Stay  Sail  reef'd  at 
1 1  lost  sight  of  the  Vessel 

Sunday  19th 

The  wind  had  shifted  from  S.  to  N°.  and  blew 
extreame  hard  with  Mountainous  Sea  but  moderat 
ing  somewhat  was 

46 

Mun.          .20   .  


Bar  dadoes  Journal.  73 

died  away  ;  and  w 

this  Morning  whe 

time  we  had  been  out  & .    

pect  of  arriving  put  the  Capt 

on  allowancing  the  Hands  whi 

at  8  A  M  was  accordingly  done  at  10  ye  Wind  sprang 
up  S°  W*  we  made  Sail  and  stood  W  N  W  —  but 
before  Midnight  the  Wind  had  got  to  West  directly 
ahead  blew  excessive  hard  with  thunder  &  Light 
ning 

46  Throughout  the  remainder  of  the  Journal  an  en 
tire  line  of  dots  will  indicate  the  destruction  of  more 
than  half  a  page  in  the  original. 


...  or 

..Sou d  N  by 

.  y  was  c y  with .... 

10  P:  M  laid  the  Ves1 


nesday  22^ 

The  Wind  had  moderated  and  got  to  N°  W*  made 
Sail  at  8  and  stood  W  S  W  and  after  alter'd  as  ye 
Wind  which  by  Noon  had  got  to  N°  &  we  to  W  N 
W  ye  skie  quite  clouded  so  that  there  was  not  the 
least  appearance  of  Sun  towards  night  ye  Wind  was 
fallen  &  in  ye  Night  grew  calm 


10 


74  Majr.    Go.   Washington  s 

Since  leaving 

d  observation  wa 

atitude  the  agreeable 

this  day  inticed  the  Mate  to  c 

from    his  Cabbin  (as  a  snail  w 

enlivened  by  the  genial  heat  of  the  Sun)  who  since 
the  third  or  four  day  after  leaving  Barbados  has  been 
coob'd  up  with  a  fashionable  disorder  contracted 
there. 


un 

at  Noon  ab* 

ind  ceased  and  weat 

break  &  clear.  , 


day  25th 

The    weathr   extreame ...      

y  cold  &  clear  with  wind  at  N°  W'  sounded  at  8 
A  M  with*  bottom  stood  S  W  by  W  by  observation 
was  in  37°-o8/  Latitude. 


n  was  go , 

rd  it  seem'd  g.  .  .  . 

....  ad  judged  we  were  not . 
the  Number  of  birds  ;  and  g 


Barbadoes  Journal.  75 

of  sedge  &  Marsh  weed,  we  se 

say  and  judg'd  rightly  for  at  6 

sounded  in  22  Fathom  Water  ye  Wind  breez'd  up 
fair  tho  the  Captn  carried  but  small  Sails  for  fear  of 
getting  too  near  Land  before  Morning 


off  of  Cape 

ght  on  a  Calm  . . 
out  of  the  Capes 


h 


Early  this  Morning 

Wind  sprang  up  at  S°E*  made  sail  under 

easy  Gales  past  the  Cape  ab*  Sun's  Rising  and  got  to 
the  Mouth  of  York  River  ab^  1 1  P.  M  and  was  met 
by  a  pilot  boat 


Hired 

Williamsburg 

Letters  to  the  Cover47. 

had  just  gone  to  greensprin ., , .  t .  . 

Dinner  as  I  got  to  ye  great 

polis ;  upon  his  return  (which .  .  . 
at  Night)  I  waited  upon  and  wa 
received  Graceously  he  enquired 


76  Majr.   Go.   Washingtoris 

kindly  after  the  health  of  my .....    

By  and  invited  me  to  stay  and  dine 

47  Robert  Dinwiddie,  Lieutenant-Governor  of  Vir 
ginia  from  1752  to  1758. 


things   Lan 


A  Great  Main  of 

cks  fought  in  Yorktown 

tween  Glouster  &  York  for  5  pistoles  each 

battle  &  100  ye  odd48  I  left  it  with  Col°  Lewis  before 
it  was  decided  &  had  part  of  his  chariot  to  his  house 

48  Game  cock-fights  was  one  of  the  early  popular 
sports  in  Virginia  and  Maryland  and,  indeed,  in  some 
of  the  other  American  colonies,  and  the  taste  for  this 
sport  is  by  no  means  extinct  in  the  United  States. 
Some  gentlemen  paid  much  attention  to  the  breed 
ing  of  extensive  mains  of  the  purest  blood  and  game 
qualities.  From  time  to  time  contests  would  be  ar 
ranged  between  birds  from  certain  mains,  often  from 
different  counties  and  even  States,  to  which  the  pub 
lic  were  admitted.  Comprehensive  and  careful  rules 
were  adopted  for  the  government  of  the  contests, 
and  were  rigidly  enforced  to  secure  fairness  in  the 
combat  and  order  among  the  spectators.  Betting 
was  indulged  in  to  some  extent,  and  as  a  general  fact 
good  order  prevailed.  In  early  days  such  exhibitions 
were  quite  free  from  dissipation,  but  in  later  years  it 
has  fallen  into  disfavor  among  the  better  class  of  the 
community  throughout  the  United  States. 


Barbadoes  Journal.  77 


r  Wa 

ons  in  Mi 

Monday  3d 

From 

his  chair  to  Majr  Dan 

field -at  Hobs -Hole -who49 

Tuesday  4th 

Kindly  conveyed  Me  to   Layton's  Ferry50  where, 
I  crossed  &  was  favoured  with51 

49  Hobs  Hole,  a  town  on  the  south  side  of  the  Rap- 
pahannock  river,  now  known  as  Tappahannock,  and 
the  capital  of  Essex  county. 

50  Layton's   Ferry  was  on   the  south  bank  of  the 
Rappahannock  river,  about  twenty  miles  above  Top- 
pahan nock,  and  nearly  opposite  to  Leedstown  on  the 
road  to  Wakefield,   which    was    about   seven    miles 
distant 

51  Here  the   Journal  comes  to  an  abrupt  end,  the 
remainder  being  lost.     The  Journal  states  Washing 
ton  crossed  the  Rappahannock  which  landed  him  in 
Westmoreland  county,  about  seven  miles  from  his 
brothers.    It  is  known  from  other  sources,  that  George 
Washington    reached    his     brother    Augustin's    at 
Wakefield,   on  the  4th  of  March,  1752.     He  rested 
there  that  day  and  night,  and  procuring  a  horse,  pro 
ceeded  in  the  morning  to  his  mother's,  near  Fred- 
ericksburg.     Here  he  tarried  one  night,  and  rode  the 
next  day  to  Mount  Vernon  to  deliver  the  messages 
and   letters  he  had  brought  from   Lawrence  Wash 
ington  to  his  wife. 


INDEX. 


Adjutant-Gen'l  of  Virginia,  3. 
Alexandria,  Va.,  charter,  45. 
Alphabetical   list  of   estates, 

15,  1 6,  17,  18,  19,  20. 
Antilles.     The  Lesser,  38. 
Arabian  leprosy,  43. 
Avagado  pears,  58. 

Bahama  Islands,  25. 

Ball.    Mary,  second  wife  of  A. 

W.,43- 

Barbadoes    Island.     Acreage 

of,  ii. 

land  all  cultivated,  1 1,  14. 
business    relations    with 

Virginia,  10. 

English  discovery  of,  II. 
civil  divisions  of,  13. 
climate  and  soil,  n. 
attempts  to  colonize,  u. 
elevation  above  the  sea, 

58- 

Governor  of,  57. 

Indian  remains  in,  11. 
Island  of,  3,  10,  58. 
parish  divisions,  13. 
population    by   parishes, 

13- 

preferred  to  Bermuda,  56. 
slavery  existed  in,  14. 


Barbadoes,  strongly  fortified, 

62. 

square  miles  of  territory, 
ii. 

Barbados,  so  pronounced  by 
islanders,  40. 

Barrack,  Gen'l,  55,  61. 

Barracuda,  a  voracious  fish,  25. 

Bearded  Island,  so  named  by 
Portuguese,  10. 

Beef-steak  and  tripe,  50. 
club,  49. 

Belvoir,  estate  of  Wm.  Fair 
fax,  44. 

Bermuda.     Climate  of,  56. 

Beverly.     Col.  William,  12. 

Bilander.     Vessel,  71. 

Bilious  putrid  fever,  43. 

Birds  observed,  74. 

Bishops    of   the    English 
Church,  48. 

Bland.     Col.  Richard,  12. 

Boisterous  weather,  66. 

Braxton.     Col.  George,  12. 

Breakfast  at  Maj.  Clarke's,  40. 

Brother.     Maj.  Lawrence  W., 

50. 
took  leave  of,  55. 

Bridgetown,  capital  of  Barba 
does,  6,  48. 


So 


Index. 


Bridgetown,  in  St.  Michael's 
Parish,  48. 

named  from  a  bridge,  49. 

theater  in,  52. 

no  wharves  for  vessels,  46. 
Burke's  criticism  of  Lord  Pitt, 

60. 
Burwell.     Col.  Carter,  12. 

Col.  Lewis,  12. 
Bushrod.     Mr.  John,  12. 

Candles  and  twine  from  Capt. 

Stroud,  71. 
Cane  fields,  42. 
Cape  Henry,  71. 
Capes  of  Chesapeake  passed, 

??• 
Caribbean  Islands,  10. 

Carlisle.     Earl  of,  49. 
Carlisle  Bay,  Bridgetown,  n. 

fortifications.  41. 

Needham's  Fort,  47,  48. 

sailed  out  of,  55. 

on  west  coast,  49. 
Carlo  Bay,  63. 
Carthegenia  Expedition,  44. 
Carters  of  Bridgetown,  41. 
Carter,  Mr.,  extends  hospitali 
ties,  40,  42,  46,  55, 61. 

Ann,  married  Mr.  Petrie, 

„  51- 

Col.  Charles,  12. 

James,  41,  42. 

Rev.  John,  41. 

Col.  Louden,  12. 

Samuel,  42. 

Temperance,  41. 

Timothy  Cheesman,  41. 
Chair  or  Chaise,  77. 
Changing  course  of  vessel,  67. 


Charnack  or  Chaunack,  54. 
Chaunack,  Col.,  tried  for  rape, 

54,  61. 

Chief  Justice  of  Barbadoes,42. 
China  orange,  58. 
Christ    Church,  attended   by 
„  G.  W.,  54. 
Christ  Church  yard,  53. 
Christmas  Day  dinner,  64 
Church,  dressed  for,  51. 
evening  service,  51. 
Clarke,   Major,  welcomes  the 

W's,  40. 
Commander     of     Fort 

James,  41. 
his  generous  hospitality, 

40,42. 

invites  the  W.  brothers  to 
dinner,  46,  47,  49,  50, 
51,  52,  54,  55,61. 
his  family  visited  by  W., 

53- 

Clarke,    Mrs.,    her   indisposi 
tion,  40. 
her  kindly  offices  to  W., 

46,  61. 
Clarke,  Maj.  G.  W.,  took  leave 

of,  55. 

Clarke,  Somers,  Mr  ,  41. 
Climate  of  Barbadoes,  11. 
Clothes  and  stores,  55. 
Cock  fight,  76. 
Cock    fights   popular  in   Vir 

ginia,  76. 
Colchester,  Fairfax  Co.,  Va., 

45- 
College  of  William  and  Mary, 

12. 
Commerce  of  Virginia  with 

Barbadoes,  10. 


Index. 


81 


Commerce  interrupted  by  the 
Revolution,  12,  13. 

Consumptive  patients  bene 
fited,  12. 

Cooped  up,  74. 

Corn  fields,  42. 

Court  records  of  1751  not 
found,  54. 

Crofton,  Capt.,  Commandant 
of  Needham,  47,  48,  61. 

Curtis.     Mr.,  Jr.,  12. 

Dangerfield.      Maj.    William, 

12,  77. 

Dawson,  Rev.  Wm., of  William 

and  Mary  College,  12. 
Degraffenried.  Mr.  Techarner, 

12. 

Dewey.     Mr.  Stephen,  12. 
Dined  at  the  fort  with  ladies, 

52. 
with  Maj.  Clarke,  Steph- 

enson,  &c.,  55. 
by    invitation     at     Maj. 

Clarke's,  40. 

Dinner  fruits  on  the  island,  50. 
Dinwiddie,    Gov.    Robert,   of 

Virginia,  76. 
G.  W.,  dined  with,  76. 
Diseases  of  the  West  Indies, 

43- 

Divine  service  on  Sunday,  51. 

Dolphin  fish  at  sea,  24,  34. 
Dotted  lines   denote    loss  of 

text,  73. 
Dry  gripes,  43. 
Dysentery,  43. 

Elephantiasis,  43. 
Embarked  for  Virginia,  55. 
1 1 


Estates  in  chancery  in  1890, 

60. 

on  the  island,  60. 
employ  one  white  laborer 

to  every  ten  acres,  62. 
lost  by  bad  management, 

59- 

mortgaged,  59. 
Explanatory  note,  21. 

Fairfax.     Anne,  44. 

Lord  Thomas,  12,  45. 

Hon.  Wm.,  12,44. 
Falmouth  plantation,  44. 
Families  on  the  island,  47,  61. 
Fiery  breeze,  64. 
Fitz-Hugh.    Col.  William,  12. 
Forbidden  apple  fruit,  50. 
Forbes,  Doctor,  of  Bermuda, 

56. 
Fort  Charles,  63. 

Church  Point,  63. 

Clarendon,  63. 

Cocoanut,  63. 

Denmark,  63. 

Fontabella,  63. 

Hales,  63. 

Half  Moon,  63. 

Haywood,  63. 

Holetown,  63. 

Hoopers,  63. 

James,  63. 

Line,  63. 

Margaret,  63. 

Maxwell,  63. 

Maycock,  63. 

Needham,  63. 

Oistins,  63. 

Orange,  63. 

Ormands,  63. 


82 


Index. 


Fort,  Queen's,  63. 

Rupert,  64. 

Sandiford,  64. 

Six  Men,  64. 

Sunderland,  64. 

Valliant  Royal,  64. 

Willoughby,  64. 

Yacht,  64. 

France,    South    of,    for    con 
sumptives,  56. 
Fruit  trees,  42. 
Fruits  raised  on  the  island,  58. 

shipped  to  England  and 

the  colonies,  51. 
Fry.     Col.  Joshua,  12. 

Game  cocks,  76. 
Gardner.     F.,  Jun.,  41. 
Gaskins,  Maj.,  dined  with,  53, 

61. 
Ginger  cultivated  for  export, 

50. 
"  Glasgow,"    sloop,    Capt. 

Stroud,  71. 

Glouchester  and  York  cock 
fight,  76. 

Goose,  domestic,  65. 
Irish,  65. 
wild,  65. 
Governor  of  Barbadoes,  57. 

his  counsel,  41,  50. 
Governor  of  Virginia,  letters 

to,  75. 

invites  G.W.  to  dinner,  76. 
Graeme  family  of,  Barbadoes, 

53- 
monuments,      Christ 

Church,  53. 
Hon.    Geo.    in    General 

Assembly,  53. 


Graeme,   Master   of  College, 

52,61. 

John,    Master   of    Chan 
cery,  53. 
Judge,  brother  of  Prof., 

52. 
Judge,  invites  G.  W.  to 

dinner,  54. 
Samuel,    Christ    Church, 

5.3- 
Granadilla  fruit,  50. 

Grand  session  of  court,  54. 
Grass,    wild,    collected    for 

stock,  59. 
Grenville,  Sir  Henry,  Gov.,  42, 

53,  57,  61. 
Guava  fruit,  50. 
Guinea  corn  a  sort  of  sorghum, 

59,  60. 

Guinea  worm,  43. 
Gunpowder  plot,  46. 
Guns  mounted,  52. 

Hacket.     Mr.,  50,  61. 

Judge,  47. 
Haggett.     Judge    Nathaniel, 

47- 

Hail  and  snow  at  sea,  69. 
very  large  at  sea,  70. 
Harbor-master,    Bridgetown, 

48. 

Heavy  seas,  67. 
Hogs  found  on  the  island,  II. 
Hillary.    Dr.  Wm.,  42,43,  61. 
Hobourn,  Commodore,  dined, 

55,61. 
Hobshole,  on  Rappahannock, 

House  rented  of  Capt.  Crof- 
ton,  48. 


Index. 


House  of  Records  destroyed, 

54- 

Hospitality  of  people  in  Bar- 
bad  oes,  60,  61. 

Hughes,  Rev.  Griffith,  Hist, 
of  Barbadoes,  12,  58,  61,  63. 

Hunting  Creek  plantation,  44. 

Indian  occupation  of  Barba 
does,  1 1. 

river,  bridge  over,  11,49. 
"  Industry,"  schooner  for  Vir 
ginia,  55. 
Intercourse    with    American 

colonies,  12. 
Irish  goose  for  dinner,  64. 

ling  fish,  65. 
Island  divided  into  parishes, 

13- 
James'  Fort  on  Carlisle  Bay, 

41. 
commanded      by     Capt. 

Crofton,  47. 

Jenkins   family  on  island,  51. 
Jenkins  invites  G.  W.  to  his 

house,  50,  61. 
Edward,  colonel  of  regi 
ment,  51. 
Edmund,     attorney     for 

Wm.  J.,  51. 
William    gave    power  of 

attorney,  51. 

Journal  to  Barbadoes  and  re 
turn,  8. 

pages  missing,  8. 
a    literal    copy    of,    in 

"Toner  Collection,"  8. 
printed  as  it  exists,  21. 

Kennar.     Mr.  William,  12. 


Kensington,    Middlesex   Co., 
Eng.,  51. 

Ladies  of  Barbadoes,  61. 

Lanahan.     Mr.,  61. 

Land,  cry  of,  39. 

list  of  owners  in  Barba 
does,  14. 

Landing  at  Bridgetown,  6. 

Latitude  of,  68. 

Lay-to  under  main  stay,  70. 

Layton's  Ferry  on  Rappahan- 
nock,  77. 

Leaf  missing    from    Journal, 
40,  50. 

Leary.     Mr.,  61. 

Lee.      Arthur,  46. 
Mr.  John,  12. 
Col.  George,  12. 
George,  marries  widow  of 

Major  L.  W.,  46. 
Richard  Henry,  46. 

Leedstown  nearWakefield,77. 

Leeward  Islands,  64. 

Lemons,  50. 

Length  and  breadth  of  island, 
61. 

Leprosy.     Arabian,  43. 

Letters  to  friends  in  Virginia, 
46. 

Lighters  to  transfer  from  ship, 
46. 

Ling  fish,  65. 

Logbook  of  voyage   to   Bar 
badoes,  6,  7. 

Lomax.     Mr.  Lunford,  12. 

Longevity  on  the  island,  61. 

Lord  Temple,  57. 

Lord's  Day  religious  services, 


Index. 


Main  of  cock  to  fight,  76. 
Manure  husbanded,  59. 
Manuscript  records  of  Barba 
does,  41,  42,  51. 
Meridian  of  Bermuda,  68. 
Maynard.     John,  50,  51. 
Jonas,  50,  51. 
Judge    Satus    and    lady, 

49,  50,  61. 
and  Leary,  61. 
Hon.  Wm.,  50. 
Martinique,  one  of  the  Lesser 

Antilles,  38. 
a  possession  of   France, 

38. 

latitude  of,  64. 
Mercer.     Mr.  John,  12. 
Militia,    trained    for    alarms, 

62. 

Monroe.     Maj.  Andrew,  12. 
Munsell's  skill  as  printer,  21. 
Music  at  the  theater,  52. 

Names  of  owners  of  estates, 

14. 
Natural  history  of  Barbadoes, 

12. 
Needham,  Fort,  Capt.  Petrie, 

47,48,49. 

dined  with  Captain,  54. 
supped  with  Captain,  47. 
Needham's    Point,    Carlisle 

Bay,  48. 
Negro  dialect  affects  society, 

61. 

Nelson,  Thomas,  Esq.,  12. 
Newton.     Hon.  Wm.,  12. 
Norfolk,  vessel  for,  71. 
North  American  Colonies  and 

Barbadoes,  12. 


Observations    on    change    of 

air,  43. 

Officers  commissioned  in  Eng 
land,  62. 

fees  complained  of,  62. 
fees  complained  of  to  this 

day,  62. 

Opesthotonos  and  Tetany,  43. 
Oranges,  sweet,  50. 
Owners    and    proprietors    of 

land,  14. 
Owners'  names  alphabetically, 

15- 

related  to  American  fami 
lies,  15. 

Parish,  St.  Andrew's,  50. 
St.  George's.  41. 
St.  Phillip's/ 41. 
Parishes,  list  of,  13. 
Parts  of  journal  lost,  72. 
Patterson,  Sir  Wm.,  surveyor- 
general,  47. 

Pendleton.     Mr.  Edward,  12. 
Petrie,  Mr.,  married  Ann  Car 
ter,  51. 

Ann,  widow,  51. 
Petrie,  Captain  of  Needham 

Fort,  49,  51,  61. 
has  G.  W.  to  dine,  54. 
a  captain  served  in  New 

England,  51. 
George  John,  51. 
Pilot  fish,  25. 
Pine  apple,  58. 
Pitt,  Wm.,  and  Sugar  Islands, 

62. 

Plantains,  59. 

Planters   buy   lands    in    Vir 
ginia,  12. 


Index. 


Pomer.     Mr.  James,  13. 
Pomegranate  fruit,  50. 
Pope's  creek,  Va.,43. 
Population  per  square    mile, 

60,  62,  63. 

Portuguese  navigators,  10. 
Potatoes,  59. 

Potomac  river,  sail  from,  5,  6. 
Power  of  attorney,  41. 
Provost  marshal,  61. 
Pulmonary  diseases,  n. 
Pursell,  Gov.  of  Tortolo,  55,61. 

Rabbies,  canine,  43. 
Randall's  Point,  63. 
Rape,  trial  of  Charnock  for, 

54- 

Reid,  James,  Esq.,  13. 

Residents  of  island  related  to 
the  colonists,  43. 

Rice,  59. 

Ring  worm,  43. 

Robinson  left  for  Fredericks- 
burg,  46,  61. 

Robinson.     Hon.  John,  13. 
Gov.  Thos.,  41,  57,  58. 

Roberts,  Miss,  niece  of  Mrs. 
Clarke,  40,  46,  61. 

Rum    manufactured    from 
sugar  corn,  58. 

St.  Andrew's  Parish,  50. 
St.  Ann's  Castle,  48,  64. 
St.  Christopher  Island,  71. 
St.  Cit's  or  Kitt's,  71. 
St.  Kitt's  or  Cit's,  71. 
St.  Michael,  48,  49. 
Sappadilla  fruit,  50- 
Saunders.     Capt.    John,    55, 
61. 


Sails  seen  at  long  distance, 
70. 

Small-pox   at    Maj.  Clarke's, 

40. 
G.  W.,  apprehensive  of, 

and  attacked  by.  41. 
G.  W.  recovers  from,  53. 

Sparks,  Jared,  historian,  8,  39, 
66. 

Squibs,  home-made,  called  ser 
pents,  47. 

Squalls  of  wind,  68. 

Schonburgk's  History  of  Bar- 
badoes,  13,  14,  57. 

Schooner  for  Virginia,  46. 

Sea-sick,  G.  W.,  64. 

Sea  stores,  provided   for   re 
turn,  55. 

Sedges  and  marsh  weeds,  75. 

Serpents  fired,  46. 

Sharks,  25. 

Sheriff  General,  61. 

Ship  tossed    in    trade-wind, 

^64. 

Ships    anchored    in    Carlisle 
^  Bay,  46. 

Sloop  sighted,  36,  38. 
Slavery  abolished   in   Barba- 

does,  63. 

Soil  black  and  rich,  58. 
Sorghum,  60. 
Soundings  gave  22  fathoms, 

,  75- 

Statue,  in    marble,  of  Gren- 

ville,  57. 
Stay  sail,  71. 
Stephenson.      Warren     and 

Robert,  61. 

Messrs.,  merchants,  55. 
Stock,  fodder  for,  59. 


86 


Index. 


Stores  put  aboard  "Industry," 

55- 

Storms  of  severity,  68,  69. 
Stroud,    Capt.   Matthew,    for 

Norfolk,  71. 
Sugar  cane  culture,  58. 
yield  per  acre,  60. 
Surveyor  General,  47,  51. 
Surveyor,  G.  W.  licensed  as,  3. 

"  Tack,"  a  sailor's  phrase,  67. 
Tappahannock,     Essex     Co., 

Va.,  77. 
Taverns,  none  in  Barbadoes, 

60. 
Text    supplied  from   Sparks, 

40. 

Theater  tickets  from  Mr.  Car 
ter,  52. 
first  attended  by  G.  W., 

52. 

Thornton.     Col.  Prestley,  13. 
Toner  Collection  in  Library  of 

Congress,  8. 
Torrid  zone,  43. 
Trade  winds,  64. 
Tragedy    of    Geo.    Barnwell, 

52. 

Travelers,  hospitality  to,  60. 
"Tripe  Bristol"  for  dinner,  65. 

Vault-burial  at    Mount  Ver- 

non,  45. 

Vernon.     Admiral,  44. 
Vessel  from  St.  Cit's  spoke  us, 

71- 

another  comes  up,  71. 
keeps  company,  71. 
Virginia  and  Maryland  cock 
fights,  76. 


Virginia,      subscribers      to 
Hughes'   History    of 
Barbadoes,  12. 
Wagener.     Maj.  Peter,  13. 
"Wakefield,"  Westmoreland 

Co.,  44. 

Warren,   Mr.,  extends   hospi 
talities,  49,  50. 
Washington,  Augustine,  Sr., 

43- 

second  wife,  43. 

his  death,  44. 
Washington,Augustine,Jr.,43. 

inherits  Wakefield,  44. 

member    of    the    Ohio 

Company,  44. 
Washington.     Betty,  43. 
Washington.     Charles,  44. 
Washington.  Major  George,  3. 

of  dignified  address,  3. 

of  mature  mind,  3. 

licensed  as  a  surveyor,  3. 

military  commission,  3. 

rank  Adjutant-General  of 
Virginia,  3. 

goes    to    Island    Barba 
does,  3. 

journal  kept  of  tour,  45. 

sailed    from    the     Poto 
mac,  5. 

log-book  of  voyage,  6. 

re-studies  navigation,  6. 

observations  at  sea,  6. 

log-book  comments,  7. 

the  journal  crumbling  to 
dust,  7. 

given    here   with    exact 
ness,  9. 

his   early  life   shown    in 
journal,  9. 


Index. 


Washington,   Major    George, 
style    of    writing,    39, 

40. 
George    and    Lawrence, 

greatly  attached,  45. 
attacked  with  small-pox, 

53- 
recovers  from  small-pox, 

53- 

dined  at.Maj.  Clarke's,  54. 

attends  church,  54. 

returns  for  Lawrence's 
wife,  59. 

sea-sick,  64. 

comments  on  the  govern 
ment  of  island,  64. 

barely  escapes  accident, 
68. 

chest  robbed,  68,  69. 

lands  at  York,  76. 

dines  with  Gov.  Din- 
widdie,  76. 

delivers  letters  to  the 
Governor,  76. 

reaches  his  brother  Au 
gustine's,  77. 

visits  his  mother,  77. 

arrives  at  Mount  Vernon, 

77- 
messages  to  Lawrence's 

wife,  77. 

Washington.  Jane  (Butler),  43. 
Washington,    Col.    John,    ar 
rives,  43. 

Washington.     John    August 
ine,  43,  44. 

Washington,  Lawrence,  emi 
grant,  43. 

Washington,  Lawrence,  father 
of  Augustine,  43. 


Washington,  Maj.  Lawrence, 
of  Mount  Vernon,  4. 

executor  of  his  father's 
estate,  4. 

well  educated  in  Eng 
land,  4. 

captain  in  British  army, 

4,  44- 

health  declines,  4. 
resigns   his   commission, 

45- 

goes  to  Barbadoes,  5. 
takes  George  with  him, 

5- 
a  man   of    business,    5, 

45- 
president    of    the    Ohio 

Company,  44. 
becomes  consumptive,  5, 

42. 

sketch  of  his  life,  43. 
his  marriage,  44. 
names  his  estate  "  Mount 

Vernon,"  44. 
in  the  hands  of  doctors, 

50. 

member  of  House  of  Bur 
gesses,  45. 
laments   the  absence   of 

his  wife,  56. 
dines  at  Needham  Fort, 

54- 

trustee  of  town  of  Alex 
andria,  55. 

health  not  improved  i'n 
Barbadoes,  55. 

dies   at   Mount  Vernon, 

44-. 
remains  interred  in  vault, 

57- 


88 


Index. 


Washington,  Maj.  Lawrence, 
one  child  survives  him, 46. 
Washington.     Mildred,  44. 
Washington.     Samuel,  43. 
Webb.     Mr.  George,  13. 
Weighed  anchor,  55. 
Westmoreland    county,   Va., 
43- 


Whiting,  Beverly,  Esq.,  13. 
Windward  Islands,  41,  48. 
Worms   attacked  the  bread, 
at  sea,  33. 

Yams,  59. 
Yellow  fever,  43. 
York  river,  75. 


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